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北京外国语大学

Some people believe that the best way to produce a happier society is to ensure that there are only small differences between the richest and the poorest members. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Your writing should be no less than 250 words.

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一个文化中最直观的元素，包括语言、服饰、发型、肢体装饰、音乐、舞蹈或建筑。文化包含人们共同分享的信念和行为；文化同时也让一个集体更加团结。但是，文化并不仅仅局限于一个民族的历史、语言和传统。相反，它还包含一种自我认识的形式，这种自我认识可以是个人持有的，也可以是他人赋予的。

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我们中国是世界上最大的国家之一，它的领土和整个欧洲的面积差不多相等。在这个广大的领土之上，有广大的肥田沃地给我们以衣食之源；有纵横全国的大小山脉，生长了广大的森林，贮藏了丰富的矿产；有很多的江河湖泽，给我们以舟楫和灌溉之利；有很长的海岸线，给我们以交通海外各民族的方便。

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不同的篇章、体裁在直译与意译的趋向程度上往往有所不同。一般来说，文献类和新闻报道的翻译多采用直译，因为翻译这类文献关键在于译文的准确性；而对诗歌散文、戏剧电影、小说传记等以情动人的作品，翻译时应多采用意译，以充分再现原文的意境情趣。

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In the nineteenth century, thousands of poor people struggled to survive in the slums of London. Diseases spread rapidly through the densely populated and unhealthy districts. At one time, over 600 people a week died of cholera, a fatal disease which was then thought to be spread by airborne germs.A young doctor, John Snow, was anxious to help the poor people. He obtained a map of the slums. On it he marked the building where each person had died. He soon noticed that most of the deaths occurred in a roughly circular area. The number of deaths was greatest around the center of the circle and then decreased as the distance from the center of the circle increased.This pattern was confirmed as Snow continued to record fresh deaths on his map.Snow concluded that at the center of the area there must be somebody or something that was causing or spreading cholera. When he went to the district, he saw a pump which brought water up from an open well. This was the sole source of water for people in the area. He examined a sample of the water and saw what it was discolored. He suspected that the water was contaminated, so he took the handle of the pump away, thus stopping people from drinking water from the well.Snow urged the city authorities to investigate the water in the well. At first they were reluctant to spend time and money on something which had not yet proved to be a danger. Snow continued to press for action, and eventually work men dug down to investigate the wall of the well. They found that it was cracked in several places and that raw sewage was seeping into it. The men filled in the well and dug another one where clean water could be obtained. The cholera epidemic slackened and then disappeared.The important point about Dr. Snow’s work was that he proved that cholera could be caught by drinking polluted water. This discovery was vital in attempts to fight the disease and helped to save thousands of lives in later years. It showed health workers what they should look for in campaigns to eliminate the disease and disproved the belief that the germs somehow drifted through the air.1. Snow apparently obtained a map of the slum district in order to ________.2. In Dr. Snow’s time, cholera was ________.3. When Snow first asked city officials to investigate the water in the well they ________.4. After the new well had been dug, the number of deaths from cholera ________.5. Snow took away the handle of the pump because ________.

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