试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

南昌大学

Nowadays, some scholars often cheat or are dishonest in doing their researches. How do you think of it? Please write an essay with the title of On Academic Honesty. You should write no less than 200 words.

Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that there is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.

人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。

The greatest social change has been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the proportion of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. D.By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get a paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman’s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and she is likely to take paid jobs until retirement at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenient foods.This important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few year ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. B.However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen. Many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Many more afterwards return to a full-time or part-time job. B.Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interest of each of them.1. According the passage, the woman of today usually .2. One reason why the woman of today may take a job is that she .3. Many girls the passage claims are now likely to .4. According to the passage, it is now quite usually for women to .5. Nowadays, a husband tends to .

Bill Gates is not the only American entrepreneur with business plan to save the world. D.There are thousands. Consider Steve Kirsch, who had just turned 35 when he had eveiything everything he could want. Adobe, the software giant, had just purchased one of his startups, Eframe., The sale made Kirsch very rich, with a share in a private jet, an estate in California’s Los Altos Hills and a burning question: what to do with the rest of a $50 million fortune? After a few years of doling out money to traditional charities—his alma mater, the United Way—Kirsch got ambitious. He set up his own foundation to benefit “everyone”, funding research on everything from cancer to near-earth objects. "“It is guaranteed that we will be hit by an asteroid sometime in the future,，” perhaps “before we end this phone conversation.” Kirsch explains. “It would cost several billion lives, and we can save those lives for $50 million, which is less than the cost of a private jet. I call it enlightened self-interest.”American philanthropy isn’t what it used to be. Gone are the days when old money was doled out by bureaucrats from mahogany -paneled rooms. More people are giving out more money than ever before, at much younger ages, and to a much wider variety of causes. In 1980s, Ronald Reagan’s call for private charity to replace government largesse was greeted with hoots of liberal derision — and an outbreak of giving. The number of private foundations rose from 22, 000 in 1980 to 55,000 today. They now dole out about $23.3 billion a year, a 700 percent increase since 1980. And many are the offspring of capitalists, who bring the language of business to charity. Vanessa Kirsch, president and founder of the entrepreneurial charity New Profit Inc., says, “There’s this new breed of social entrepreneurs coming out of Harvard Business School or failed dot-coms, and they’re saying, '‘I want to make big things happen.’”’’Their outlook is increasingly global, in the Gates mold. D.The share of funding that the 1,000 largest foundations devote to interactional causes jumped from 11.3 percent in 1999 to 16.3 percent in 2000. And while the U. S, government is often criticized for stingy foreign aid (well under 1 percent of GNP each year), the same can’t be said of private donors, who now give away 2.1 percent of U. S. GNP each year. “No nation comes even remotely close to the U. S. on these things,” says Scott Walker of the Philanthropy Roundtable. “If you’re in Sweden or France, it’s something the government is supposed to do. If you were in England, it is the nobility. Americans don’t think it’s enough to say, ‘I gave at the office with taxes.’”’’To be sure, business and philanthropy are old bedfellows in the United States. The Rockefellers, the Carnegies and the Fords set the mold. D.But many were what Mark Dowie, author of “American Foundations: An Investigative History,，” calls “s. o. b. B.s”— patrons of “symphonies, operas, ballets,” and “museums and hospitals where rich people go to die.” The new foundations are more like “quasi-public trusts —progressive institutions of change,” argues Dowie.The new movers and shakers of American charity are more likely to be flashy TV titans like Ted Turner. The story of how Turner gave away a billion is a founding legend of this class. In a cab on his way to make a speech at the United Nations, the cable titan, sick of official U. S. reluctance to pay U.N. dues, decided to pony up I$1 billion himself. This shamed Washington and inspired imitators. “It is a lot more personality-oriented in this culture of new wealth.,” says Ellen Dadisman, vice president of the Council on Foundations. “It’s sort of like wealth meets People magazine.”In Silicon Valley, the new fashion is called “venture philanthropy”, According to one survey,83 percent of valley households give to charity, compared with 69 percent nationally. But they prefer to “invest”, not “give”. And to attract “investors”, fund-raisers promise hands-on management of the nonprofits they support. They demand seats on the board, set performance goals and plan an exit strategy in case expectations aren’t met. “Traditionally, foundations have not been as invasive,” says Dadisman. “They didn’t go to the nonprofit and say, ‘How much are you paying for rent? Why are you using these old-fashioned computers?’” It may be invasive, but if it works, it could help save the world. D.Even from asteroids.1. Why does the author introduce some American millionaires at the beginning of the passage?2. The author mentions Ronald Reagan’s call for private charity to replace government largess as______ .3. The expression “who bring the language of business to charity” from the sentence “And many are the offspring of capitalists, who bring the language of business to charity.” (Para. A.2) means______.4. Which of the following can be concluded from Scott Walker’s comment (Para. A.3)?5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

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