试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

西安建筑科技大学

Directions: You’ve been hearing the phrase “Low-carbon emission” a lot recently, especially connected with the UN climate change summit in Copenhagen, Denmark. China, as a responsible country, has unveiled its first firm target for limiting greenhouse gas emissions. It aims to reduce its “carbon intensity” by the year 2020 to no more than 45% of its 2005 levels. Low-carbon lifestyles and business operations are gaining popularity as China pushes for more intense green efforts across the country. However, how can we promote a low-carbon lifestyle? Pleases write a composition of no less than 250 words illustrating your point of view on the Answer Sheet.

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Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on the Answer Sheet II.

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Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet II.

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Few people would defend the Victorian attitude to children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and company did away with all that and parents have been （71） ever since. The child’s happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, （72） what about the parents’ happiness? Parents suffer constantly from fear and guilt while their children （73） romp about pulling the place apart. A good old-fashioned spanking is out of the （74）; no modern child-rearing （75） would permit such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed （76） to shout. Who knows what deep （77） wounds you might inflict? The poor child may never recover from the dreadful traumatic （78）. So it is that parent’s （79） to avoid giving their children complexes （80） a hundred years ago wasn’t even heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive （81） of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good.Psychologists have succeeded in （82） parents’ confidence in their own authority. And it hasn’t taken children long to get wind of the fact. （83） the great modern classics on child care, there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited （84） flying about, mum and dad just don’t know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parents’ lives are （85） according to the needs of their offspring. When the little dears develop into （86）, they take complete control. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent （87） against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, （88）, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely （89） the fun. What else can the poor parents do but （90）?

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Most of us have seen a dog staring at, sometimes snarling at, and approaching a reflection of itself. For most animals, seeing their own image in a mirror acts as a social stimulus. But does the dog recognize itself, or does the reflection simply signal a potential companion or threat? This question is of interest for a number of reasons. Apart from curiosity about the level of animals’ understanding, research on self-recognition in animal has several benefits. It provides some insight into the evolutionary significance of this skill of self-recognition and into the level and kinds of cognitive competence that the skill requires. Such research also indicates the kinds of learning experiences that determine the development of self-recognition. In addition, work with animals fosters the use of techniques that are not dependent on verbal responses and that may therefore be suitable for use with preverbal children.The evidence indicates that dogs and almost all other nonhumans do not recognize themselves. In a series of clever experiments, however, Gallup has shown that the chimpanzee does have this capacity. Gallup exposed chimpanzees in a small cage to a full-length mirror for ten consecutive days. It was observed that over this period of time the number of self-directed responses increased. These behaviors included grooming parts of the body while watching the results, guiding fingers in the mirror, and picking at teeth with the aid of the mirror. Describing one chimp, Gallup said, “Marge used the mirror to play with and inspect the bottom of her feet; she also looked at herself upside down in the mirror while suspended by her feet from the top of the cage; she was also observed to stuff celery leaves up her nose using the mirror for purposes of visually guiding the stems into each nostril.”Then the researchers devised a further test of self-recognition. The chimps were anesthetized and marks were placed over their eyebrows and behind their ears, areas the chimps could not directly observe. The mirror was temporarily removed from the cage, and baseline data regarding their attempts to touch these areas were recorded. The data clearly suggest that chimps do recognize themselves, or are self-aware, for their attempts to touch the marks increased when they viewed themselves. Citing further evidence for this argument, Gallup noted that chimpanzees with no prior mirror experience did not direct behavior to the marks when they were first exposed to the mirror; that is, the other chimpanzees appeared to have remembered what they looked like and to have responded to the marks because they noticed changes in their appearance.1. The idea this passage discusses is whether （）.2. The first sentence of Paragraph 2 (“The evidence indicates ...”) may be interpreted to mean that nearly all animals have（）.3. The word “prior” (in last paragraph) can best be replaced by （）.4. The writers of this passage probably （）.5. The author’s purpose in this passage is to （）.

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