试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

扬州大学

Intensive requirements, rather than content, distinguish master’s-level courses from undergraduate courses. The content is specialized, but often no more so than in upper-level undergraduate courses in British Commonwealth or European universities. First-year American graduate students are, in a sense, catching up. Yet they are also learning to work under more pressure than undergraduates in the United States of elsewhere.It is not quite accurate to equate first-year graduate study with the master’s degree; in addition, most master’s programs require more than a year’s work, and more than course work. They can be equated in their purpose: to acquaint the student with the literature, the current ideas, the methodologies, etc., of his or her field. The first-year of graduate study is best characterized, then, as a reading program.All in all, the master’s program is less easily defined than undergraduate curricula. The number of residence credits may be effectively determined by an accrediting agency (评审机构) and will vary from field to field. In some curricula (e.g. clinical psychology), a mandatory internship or practical training leads to 2 to 3 years of study, whereas an M.B.A may be completed in 18 months. The final requirement in a master’s program may be a thesis, a comprehensive exam, or both, or course papers collected and bound as a thesis-substitute. There may or may not be a foreign language requirement.The master’s degree itself may be defined as a certificate of competence in a reasonably specialized field. We may note here that many American educators oppose narrow specialization at master’s and even at doctoral level; they complain of highly trained engineers who know nothing of the social sciences, of physicians who don’t understand human psychology, and of literature Ph.D.’s who ignorant of science. Effective graduate education, in this view, is the process of learning to find data, to evaluate it, and to organize it meaningfully.1. First-year American graduate students ______.2. It is suggested that ______.3. In order to get M.B.A, you must ______.4. Which one of the following final requirements is necessary in master’s program?5. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned?

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Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing the branches that are locking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open would is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for diseases, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, or that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce the risk as far as possible. It is essential to make the area which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without the interference from the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.1. Pruning is probably usually done to ______.2. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener ______.3. Why is a special material painted on the tree?4. A good gardener prunes a tree ______.5. What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage?

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One of the major pleasures（1）life is appetite, and one of our major duties should be to（2）it. Appetite is the（3）of living: it is one of the（4）that tells you that you are still curious to exist, that you still have an edge on your longings and want to bite into the world and taste its multitudinous（5）and juices.（6）appetite, of course, I don’t mean just the desire for food, but any condition of（7）desire, any burning in the blood that proves you want more than you’ve got, and that you haven’t yet（8）your life. Wilde said he felt sorry for those who never got their heart’s desire, but sorrier（9）for those who did. I got mine once only, and it nearly killed me, and I’ve always preferred wanting（10）since.For appetite, for me, is this state of wanting, which keeps one’s（11）alive. I remember learning this lesson long ago as a child, when treats and orgies were（12）, and when I discovered that the（13）pitch of happiness was not in actually eating a toffee, but in（14）it beforehand. True, the first bite was delicious, （15）once the toffee was gone one was left with nothing, neither toffee nor lust. So, for me, one of the keenest（16）of appetite remains in the wanting, not the satisfaction. In this condition, of course, I know that the object of desire is always at its most flawlessly（17）, which is why I would carry the preservation of appetite（18）of deliberate fasting, simply because I think that appetite is（19）to lose, too precious to be bludgeoned（20）insensibility by satiation and over-doing it.

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When department stores have an oversupply of goods, they frequently（）prices to encourage sales.

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人的发展和物的发展是社会发展的两大基本形态，这两大形态的发展是既相互依存又相对独立的。以人为本的价值理念在对待人与物的关系上，要求以人为中心，以物为工具和手段，坚持用人的发展来规范和控制物的发展，使物的发展适合和满足人的需要。

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