试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

大连工业大学

Many of the most flexible examples of tool use in animals come from primates (the order that includes humans, apes and monkeys). For example, many wild primates use objects to threaten outsiders. But there are many examples of tool use by other mammals, as well as by birds and other types of animals.Tools are used by many species in the capture or preparation of food. Chimpanzees use sticks and poles to bring out ants and termites from their hiding places. Among the most complex tool use observed in the wild is the use of stones by Ivory Coast chimpanzees to crack nuts open. They select a large flat stone as an anvil (a heavy block on which to place the nuts) and a small stone as a hammer. Stones suitable or use as anvils are not easy to find, and often a chimpanzee may carry haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil. The use of tools in chimpanzees is especially interesting because these animals sometimes modify tools to make them better suited for their intended purpose. To make a twig more effective for digging out termites, for example, a chimp may first strip it of its leaves.Surprisingly, there is also a species of bird that uses sticks to probe holes in the search for insects. One of the species of Galapagos finch, the woodpecker finch, picks up or breaks off a twig, cactus spine, or leaf stem. This primitive tool is then held in the beak and used to probe for insects in holes in trees that the bird cannot probe directly with its beak. Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tree to tree searching for prey.Tools may also be used for defense. Hermit crabs grab sea anemones with their claws and use them as weapons to repel their enemies. Studies have demonstrated that these crabs significantly improve their chances against predators such as octopus by means of this tactic. Also, many species of forest-dwelling primates defend themselves by throwing objects, including stones, at intruders.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.According to the passage, Ivory Coast chimpanzees are among the most remarkable of animal tool users because they （）.3.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the behavior of the woodpecker finch?4.According to the passage, studies have shown that hermit crabs manage to turn octopus away by（）.

Various innovations have been introduced as ways to break off our system which forces students through a serious of identical classrooms in which teachers do most of the talking and students have little opportunity to respond. Among these innovations are team teaching and teaching aides, non-graded elementary and secondary schools, independent study, curricula focused on helping students discover things for themselves rather than on trying to tell them everything, and schools designed for maximum flexibility so that students can work alone, or in small groups, or take part in large--group instruction via diverse media. The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual student. Many people who have a strong dislike to organizing instruction scientifically and to bringing new technology into the schools and colleges fail to realize that the present system is in many respects mechanical and rigid. The vast differences in the ways students learn are disregarded when they are taught the same thing, in the same way, at the same time. There is no escaping the evidence that many students themselves feel little enthusiasm and even outright hostility for the present way schools and colleges are organized and instruction is handled. Many of them resent technology, but what they object to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of students. Or it is programming which merely reproduces conventional classroom responds and learns, reaching new plateaus from which to climb to higher levels of understanding. Technological media can store information until it is needed or wanted. They can distribute it over distances to reach the students where he happens to be. They can present the information to the student through various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in many ways. In short, the students’ opportunities for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instructional technology. All the available resources for instruction, including the teachers, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning.1.The author is mainly concerned with （）.2.It can be inferred from the article that a good educational system must （）.3.The negative reactions of students to technology are the result of （）.4.All of the following are mentioned as a capability are the result of （）.

The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earth’s resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near destruction of our cities. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way of defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity.To grasp it we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting us—and the world—is a crisis that is no passing inconvenience , no by product of the ambitions of the oil producing countries, no environmentalists’ mere fears, no by product of any present system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the world’s children and future generation.1.Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities?2.The author in the second paragraph states what we need in our present situation is（）.3.According to the author, what is one example of our loss of morality?4.By comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws attention to the（） .

Though it was less attractive, Ralph knew the metal box would be more（）than the wooden box.

Wealthy nations have fallen far behind on their aid（）to the world’s poor.

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