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广东工业大学

Most geologists believe（）from the remains of tiny marine plants and animals that died millions of years ago.

Directions: For this part, you are required to 'write to write a short essay entitled Food Contamination. You should ~write about 200 -words following the outline given below:1. 食品安全问题屡屡出现，引人关注2. 食品安全问题危害很大3. 你认为应该如何解决该问题

Education begins with teachers. Yet teaching seems to be losing its appeal for many of the best and brightest college students: in high school, many of the best students decide that they want to be teachers, but their relatives and friends soon convince them to change their minds.（1）According to several recent reports on the shortcomings of American public schooling, teaching's lack of appeal for the brightest college students is one of the teaching profession's most worrisome problems.Many articles on teaching, currently popular in newspapers, magazines, and professional education journals, concentrate on the negative aspects of teaching; the expression "teacher burnout" is commonly ascribed to thousands of thoughtful and dedicated teachers who are leaving the profession.（2）Teacher burnout is caused by such problems as violence in the classroom，vandalism（肆意破坏行为）inadequate salaries，involuntary transfers, interfering parents, oversized classes, and excessive paperwork. Even the best teachers cannot solve a child's problems, but many of them believe the public expects them to, and they give up teaching in despair.（3）Despite the more limited financial prospects, the deterioration of the American public's attitude toward teachers, and the problems caused by disruptive students，many of the best students conclude that they want to pursue careers in the classroom after all. They usually discover that they want personal fulfillment from their life's work more than they want material rewards. Each eventually chose to become a teacher. However, a growing body of evidence shows that such students are exceptions, rather than the rule, in America's more than 1,200 teacher-training programs. Many teacher-training schools are beginning to look at ways to recruit the kind of people who would be inclined toward the positive aspects of teaching. The teaching profession has to become more attractive to good students.（4）Prospective teachers will see increased emphasis by national teacher organizations，state certification agencies，and local districts on improving the status of the profession, as well as on improving teacher salaries. Continued efforts to eliminate jobs teachers do that are not teacher's—such as policing the restrooms, hallways, and cafeterias—are important for upgrading the profession.While teaching is not a wise career choice for all, teaching is a noble and rewarding profession for those who indeed seek personal fulfillment from their life's work.（4）Though the first year of teaching is frequently the most frustrating year in a teacher's life, the experience of solving problems that deal with instruction, students, parents, administrators, and fellow teachers is of immeasurable value for future success.

America has the best system of higher education in the world. The Institute of Higher Education at Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranks the world’s universities on a series of objective（1）such as the number of Nobel prizes and articles on prestigious journals. 17 of the top 20 universities in that list are American. American universities（2）employ 70% of the world’s Nobel prize-winners. They produce about 30% of the world’s（3）of articles on science and engineering, according to a survey（4）in 2001，and 44% of the most frequently cited articles.Why is America so successful? Wealth clearly has something to do with it. America spends more than twice as much（5）student as the OECD（经合组织）average，and alumni and philanthropists（慈善家）routinely shower universities（6）gold. History also plays a part. Americans have always had a（7）for higher education. The Puritans established Harvard College in 1636, just two（8）after they first arrived in New England.The main reason for America’s success, however, lies in organization. The first principle is that the federal government plays a（9）part. America does not have a central plan for its universities. It does not treat its（10）as civil servants, as（11）France and Germany. Instead, universities have a wide（12）of patrons. The academic landscape has been（13）by rich benefactors such as Ezra Cornell, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Johns Hopkins and John D. Rockefeller.The second principle is competition. Universities compete for（14）, from students to professors to basketball, stars. Professors compete for federal research（15）. Students compete for college scholarships or research fellowships. This means that successful institutions cannot（16）on their laurels（成就）.The third principle is that it is all right to be useful. America has always（17）universities as more than ivory towers. This（18）on “paying dividends” remains a（19）feature of academic culture. American has（20）the art of forging links between academia and industry. American universities earn more than $1 billion a year in royalties and license fees, and dozens operate their own venture funds.

Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors（流星）but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too3 makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called “rem”. Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren.Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found, so far.1. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that（）.2. We know from the passage that（）.3. The harm radiation, has clone to the Apollo crew members（）.4. It can be inferred from the passage that（）.5. The best title for this passage would be（）.

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