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中国政法大学

Directions: Present your perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons or examples to support your views. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.The issue to be discussed is “Positive Energy”, which refers to encouragement and confidence in pursuing a better life and future. Please write down your opinion on it and your own experiences which show “Positive Energy”.In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary.Word limit: no less than 200 words.

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改革开放是国家发展进步的根本动力。我国改革已进入攻坚阶段，必须进一步解放思想，全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会等领域的改革，不断把改革引向深入。要进一步完善社会主义市场经济体制。毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展，形成各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。深化国有企业改革以及重点行业改革。

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On campus, you will quickly discover that an important part of the culture is a willingness to stay engaged with problems and arguments, to keep pushing for a shared vocabulary and a shared understanding. You will encounter a post-Enlightenment sensibility, under which more and more corners of human experience are susceptible to critical analysis and debate. Fewer and fewer domains of life feel like matters of purely personal taste—chocolate or vanilla—things that are truly “just, like, your opinion.” And you will find yourself spending many hours, late at night and early in the morning, searching for that shared understanding. And here you will discover one of the university’s great strengths as a community. It doesn’t take much work to search for a shared understanding with someone who is pretty much like you. But it takes real effort to search for a shared understanding with someone who is different. The most profound optimism underlying higher education today is the simultaneous recognition that, on the one band, differences of view, background, and perspective are real and important, and, on the other hand, people who hold those differences can come together for four years on a beautiful hilltop, listen to one another with tolerance and respect, and engage.

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Directions: Below is a passage about climate change. Read the passage then fill in each gap with ONE word from the box below the passage. Write your answers in the spaces on the ANSWER SHEET. The first one has been done as an example. Volcanoes May Be Slowing Down Climate ChangeThe planet hasn’t been warming as much as climate models predicted and it could be that sulfur emissions from volcanoes are blocking sunlight, cooling the Earth. Small volcanic eruptions might be part of the reason why the pace of global warming hasn’t kept up with previous 66 a new study published in Nature. Eruptions of at least 17 volcanoes since 2000, including Kasatochi in Alaska and Merapi in Indonesia, seem to have had a cooling influence on the temperature of the Earth’s surface and _ 67 atmosphere. In the past, researchers observed increases in levels of greenhouse gases and in global warning, but for the past 15 years the Earth’s surface temperatures have shown 68 little warming. This so-called ‘hiatus’ puzzled researchers around the globe have been working to understand this phenomenon. “The hiatus is a fascinating detective story,’’ says the lead author of the study. “What we show is that even without any computer model calculations there is a clear 69 of these early volcanic activity having effects on temperatures and on the reflected sunlight of the atmosphere,” says the lead of the study. Research shows that large volcanic eruptions inject sulfur dioxide gas into the stratosphere. The gas forms tiny droplets of sulfuric acid, also known as “volcanic aerosols,” that can block sunlight. That cooling effect has been largely 70 by climate scientists until now, but it seems to partly offset the warning from human-caused changes in greenhouse gases.

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Invasive species aren’t species—they can also be pathogens. Such is the case with the West Nile virus. An inosquito-bome virus identified in the West Nile subregion in Uganda in 1937—hence the name —West Nile wasn’t much of a concern to people elsewhere until it broke out of Africa in 1999. The first U.S cases were confirmed in New York City in 1999, and it has now spread throughout much of the world. Though 80% of infections are subclinical, those who do get sick can get very sick. The virus can led to encephalitis—inflammation of the brain and nervous system—and even death, with 286 people dying from West Nile in the U.S in 2012. There were more than 5,500 cases reported that year, and the scary thing is that as the climate warms. West Nile will continue to spread.That’s the conclusion of a new study from a team of researchers in the U.S, Britain and Germany, including those at the Center for Tropical Research at UCLA’s Institute of the Environment and Sustainability. In a study published in the journal Global Change Biology, the researchers took climate and species distribution data, and created models that try to project the spread of the virus as the globe warms. West Nile virus is carried by mosquitoes, and infected insects transmit the virus to human beings with a bite. But birds play a role too—if bitten by an infected mosquito, birds can generate high levels of the virus in their bloodstream, and can then transmit it to uninfected mosquitoes, which in turn can infect people. The biggest indicator of whether West Nile virus will occur is the maximum temperature of the wannest month of the year, which is why the virus has caused the most damage in hot southern states like Texas.The UCLA model looks only at climate data, and doesn’t take into account the kind of control methods that can be used to combat West Nile on the ground, including pesticide spraying and land-use changes that deny mosquitoes the pools of stagnant water they use as breeding sites. That’s important to remember while climate change can raise the risk of typically tropical diseases like West Nile or malaria, smart control efforts can offset at least some of that danger. But the UCLA study underscores the fact that climate change operated as a threat multiplier for tropical diseases, one that will allow pathogens to invade new territory—and ultimately, us.61. What is the meaning of the underlined part of the sentence in the first paragraph?62. The living conditions of bees’ will be improved with respect to the following aspects except ______.63. According to the passage, the critical factor for the virus being spread is ______.64. According to the passage, the research of UCLA imposes emphasis on ______.65. The title of the passage would probably be “______”.

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