试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

西北工业大学

Write a short summary (about 60-80 words) of the following article. The summary restates the main idea without adding any comments that express personal feeling or responses to the details presented. Keep in mind that the purpose of a summary of concise restatement of the author’s ideas in your own words is to test your understanding of the article. Please write your summary on the Answer Sheet What the U.S. and Chinese School Systems Have in Common02/22/2012 By Sarah CarrAmericans who visit Chinese schools quickly realize that many of our beliefs and assumptions about education hold little water in China: In the United States, our urban public schools perform relatively poorly, but in China the urban systems rate among the nation’s best. Here we often regard private schools as a cut above public ones (though the truth is far murkier), but most Chinese consider public schools to be superior. Americans view public education as a crucial equalizer for a democratic society, in theory at least---but the Chinese see it partly as a means to sort their massive population in a distinctly undemocratic fashion.Despite these differences of conceit, the American and Chinese education systems share one common, defining characteristic: they are both plagued by gross inequalities and rampant segregation. In the United States, these injustices fall largely along racial and class lines: poor, minority students are more likely to attend highly segregated schools; their schools are more likely to suffer from a lack of resources; and their teachers are more likely to be inexperienced.The Chinese education system, too, features ethnic and class inequities. But even more so than in the United States, geography and birthplace equal educational destiny. As Sarah Butrymowicz of The Hechinger Report documented in a recent article, millions of schoolchildren have migrated to cities in recent years with their job-hunting parents. Once there, they often find themselves ineligible to attend government-run schools, particularly the best ones. An unknown number wind up in sub-par, pseudo-private school catering to the migrant population.Henan Chang, an assistant professor in Loyola University Chicago's School of Education who has studied the outcomes of migrant schoolchildren in Kunming, said most of them “have no interaction whatsoever with the local residents. They live in their own bubbles. Their playmates, their schoolmates--- they're all migrants themselves.”Butrymowicz notes that these disparities tainted China's recent domineering performance on international assessments in reading, math and science because many public schools do not admit migrant students. When Shanghai 15-year-olds outperformed the rest of the world in 2010, observers wondered if their success stemmed at least in part from exclusionary, segregationist practices. After I told a friend of mine who grew up in China about the international rankings, he quipped that public-school students in Shanghai are comparable to private-school students on Manhattan's Upper East Side in terms of their wealth and privilege. Shaking his head, he noted that no one would take Dalton or Brearley — two of the Big Apple's most elite private schools—as representative of the whole United States.In 2006, I spent several weeks in China repotting on the country’s schools, focusing in particular on the education of migrant children living in Beijing. In America, everyone asked me if Chinese schools had left us in the dust, while in China everyone asked me if American schools had left them in the dust. Americans revered the Chinese mastery of basic subjects such as math and geography, while the Chinese extolled the American emphasis on creativity and nurturing individual talent.Americans talked about the striking discipline of Chinese students, while the Chinese wondered why they had not yet won more Noble prizes. Nobody in either country framed their fears about international competitiveness in terms of inequality, however.Both nations do well by their most privileged and fortunate students. In China, they attend well-resources, state-of-the-art government schools that employ some of the country’s best teachers. In America, their families possess the money and freedom to move to regions where public schools excel, or to enroll in any number of wealthy private schools.For either country, winning the global competition will depend less on changes made for the elites---the children of the 1 percent. Ultimately, success will depend on their leaders’ interest and fortitude in addressing the opportunity gaps that persist throughout their schools. When it comes to education, that’s the single, indelible trait that both countries have long shared.

Translate the following passage into Chinese. Singles Day was begun by Chinese college students in the 1990s as a version of Valentine’s Day for people without romantic partners. The timing was based on the date: Nov. 11, or “11.11” —four singles. Unattached young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to woo that special someone and end their single status.That gift-giving helped to turn it into a major shopping event as sellers of everything from jewelry to TVs to cars saw a marketing opportunity and launched Singles Day sales. It is China’s answer to Cyber Monday in the United States—the day after Thanksgiving weekend, when online Christmas shopping beings and merchants have their busiest sales day.

Translate the following passage into English.腾讯新闻制作的一段视频刻画了中国人职场焦虑的根源：财务烦恼，人际关系，还有没完没了的加班。这段视频包括了中国职场压力的事实和数据，但聚焦的却是个体的故事：一个认为自己永远也买不起房子的26岁青年和一个梦想移民的下级白领。中国越来越把自己的焦虑和梦想当成个人的事情，而不是集体的问题。文章认为，随着中国增长放缓，民族复兴——用官方的话来说就是中国梦——与普通中国人的希望和恐惧发生冲突，导致进一步的认知失调。国家媒体和政府机构继续关注官方取得的成就和经济发展等正面消息，大多数中国人却越来越关心食品安全、商品质量和医药安全等问题。

Too often young people get themselves employed quite by accident, not knowing （1）lies in the way of opportunity for promotion, happiness and security. （2）chances are that the young people will be（3）doing jobs that afford them little or no satisfaction. Our school leavers face so much（4） that they seldom care what they do（5）. they can earn a living. Some stay long （6）a job and learn to like it; （7）quit from one to another looking for something to suit them. The young graduates who leave the university look for jobs that offer a （8）up to their expectation.Very few go out into the world knowing exactly what they want and realizing their own abilities. The reason in all this confusion is that there never has been a proper （9）guidance in our educational institution. Nearly all （10） in the dark and their chief concern when they look for a job is to ask how much they get paid. They （11） bother to think whether they （12）the job or, even more important, whether the job suits them. Having a job is more than merely providing yourself and your （13）with daily bread and some money for leisure and entertainment. It sets a pattern of life and decides the （14）of friends, leisure and interest, and in many ways, determines social （15）in life.

To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived; the cellophane wrapper has to be tom off，the lid opened and the paper removed; the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of paper. But this insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper.A machine has been developed that pulps paper then processes it into packaging, e.g. egg-boxes and cartons. This could be easily adapted for local authority use. It would mean that people would have to separate their refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each. Paper is, in fact, probably the material that can be most easily recycled; and now, with massive increases in paper prices, the time has come at which collection by local authorities could be profitable.Recycling of this kind is already happening with milk bottles, which are returned to the dairies, washed out, and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More and more dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles, and it has been estimated that if all the milk bottles necessary were made of plastic, then British dairies would be producing the equivalent of enough plastic tubing to encircle the earth every five or six days!The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever growing mounds of plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs.1.“This insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries” (line 4) means（）.2.The “local authorities” are （）. 3.If paper is to be recycled （）. 4.British dairies are （）. 5.The environmentalists think that（）.

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