试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

武汉大学

Directions: Opinions vary about the most important factor that influences a student’s success in school. Some people argue that the most important factor is a good teacher. Give your comment by using specific reasons and examples. Please write an essay on this topic in no less than 200 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

给予最重要的意义并不在于物质方面，而尤其在于人性方面。一个人会给予另一个人什么呢？他把自己拥有的最珍贵的东西给予别人，把自己的生命给予别人。这不一定意味着他要为别人而牺牲自己的生命，而是指他把自己身上的存在的东西给予别人，把自己的快乐、理解、知识、幽默、哀愁，把他身上存在的所有东西表露和显现给别人。在他把自己的生命给予别人的同时，他丰富了别人的生命。通过提高自己的生存感，他会提高别人的生存感。他不是为了获取才给予；给予本身就是一种强烈的快乐。当然，在给予中，他不知不觉地使别人身上某些东西得到新生，这种新生的东西反过来又给他带来了新的希望；在真诚的给予中，他无意识地得到了别人给他的回馈。给予暗示了让对方也成为给予者；双方共同分享他们已使某些东西得到了新生的快乐。在给予的行为中，某种东西得以新生，而对于这新生事物，涉及的双方都充满感激之情。仅就爱而言，这意味着爱是一种能产生爱的力量；没有（这种）力量就不会产生爱。

(1) Some authorities declare that people may actually go insane in order to find in the dreamland (梦境) of insanity, the feeling of importance that has been denied them in the harsh world of reality. There are more patients suffering from mental diseases in the United States than from all other diseases combined.What is the cause of insanity? Nobody can answer such a sweeping question, but we know that certain diseases, such as syphilis (梅毒), break down and destroy the brain cells and result in insanity. In fact, about one-half of all mental diseases can be attributed to such physical causes as brain lesions (脑病变), alcohol, toxins and injuries. But the other half—and this is the appalling part of the story—the other half of the people who go insane apparently have nothing organically wrong with their brain cells. In post-mortem examinations (尸检), when their brain tissues are studied under the highest-powered microscopes, these tissues are found to be apparently just as healthy as yours and mine.Why do these people go insane? I put that question to the head physician of one of our most important psychiatric hospitals. This doctor, who has received the highest honours and the most coveted awards for his knowledge of this subject, told me frankly that he didn’t know why people went insane. Nobody knows for sure. But he did say that many people who go insane find in insanity a feeling of importance that they were unable to achieve in the world of reality. (2) If some people are so hungry for a feeling of importance that they actually go insane to get it, imagine what miracle you and I can achieve by giving people honest appreciation this side of insanity.One of the first people in American business to be paid a salary of over a million dollars a year was Charles Schwab. He had been picked by Andrew Carnegie to become the first president of the newly formed United States Steel Company in 1921, when Schwab was only thirty-eight years old. Why did Andrew Carnegie pay a million dollars a year, or more than three thousand dollars a day, to Charles Schwab? Why? Because Schwab was a genius? No. Because he knew more about the manufacture of steel than other people? Nonsense.Charles Schwab told me himself that he had many men working for him who knew more about the manufacture of steel than he did. Schwab said that he was paid this salary largely because of his ability to deal with people. I asked him how he did it. Here is his secret set down in his own words—words that ought to be cast in eternal bronze and hung in every home and school, every shop and office in the land—words that children ought to memorize instead of wasting their time memorizing the conjugation of Latin verbs or the amount of the annual rainfall in Brazil—words that will all but transform your life and mine if we will only live them:“I consider my ability to arouse enthusiasm among my people,” said Schwab, “the greatest asset I possess, and the way to develop the best of a person is by appreciation and encouragement. “There is nothing else that so kills the ambitions of a person as criticisms from superiors. I never criticize anyone. I believe in giving a person incentive to work. So I am anxious to praise but loath to find fault. If I like anything, I am hearty in my approbation and lavish in my praise.” That is what Schwab did.But what do average people do? The exact opposite. (3) If they don’t like a thing, they bawl out their subordinates; if they do like it, they say nothing. As the old couplet says: “Once I did bad and that I heard ever / Twice I did good, but that I heard never.”“In my wide association in life, meeting with many and great people in various parts of the world,” Schwab declared, (4) “I have yet to find the person, however great or exalted (尊贵的) his station, who did not do better work and put forth greater effort under a spirit of approval than he would ever do under a spirit of criticism.”

In an age of perpetual digital connectedness, why do people seem so disconnected? In a Duke University study, researchers found that from 1985 to 2004, the percentage of people who said there was no one with whom they discussed important matters tripled, to 25%; the same study found that overall, Americans had one-third fewer friends and confidants than they did decades ago.Another recent study, by researchers at the University of Michigan, found that college students today have significantly less empathy than students of generations past did. The reason, psychologists speculate, may have something to do with our increasing reliance on digital communication and other forms of new media.It’s possible that instead of fostering real friendships off-line, e-mail and social networking may take the place of them—and the distance inherent in screen-only interactions may breed feelings of isolation or a tendency to care less about other people. After all, if you don’t feel like dealing with a friend’s problem online, all you have to do is to log off.The problem is, as empathy wanes, so does trust. And without trust, you can’t have a cohesive society. Consider the findings of a new study co-authored by Kevin Rockmann of George Mason University and Gregory Northcraft at the University of Illinois who specializes in workplace collaboration. Northcraft says high-tech communications like e-mail and (to a lesser extent) videoconferencing—which are sometimes known as “lean communication” because they have fewer cues like eye contact and posture for people to rely on—strip away the personal interaction needed to breed trust. In a business setting—as in all other social relationships outside the workplace—trust is a necessary condition for effective cooperation within a group. “Technology has made us much more efficient but much less effective,” said Northcraft in a statement. “Something is being gained, but something is being lost. The something gained is time, and the something lost is the quality of relationships. And quality of relationships matters.”In Rockmann and Northcraft’s study, 200 students were divided into teams and asked to manage two complicated projects: one having to do with nuclear disarmament; the other, price fixing. Some groups communicated via e-mail, some via video-conference and others face to face. In the end, those who met in person showed the most trust and most effective cooperation; those using e-mail were the least able to work together and get the job done.Northcraft thinks this is because real-life meetings, during which participants can see how engaged their colleagues are, breed more trust. Over e-mail, meanwhile, confirmation of hard work gets lost, which tends to encourage mutual slacking off.17. The study of interpersonal relationships by Duke University reveals that（）.18. The reason why people feel isolated and become less empathetic is that（）.19. According to the passage, the “lean communication”（）.20. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

Black holes aren’t exactly polite eaters.For the first time, scientists observed a black hole both devouring a star and ripping a plasma “burp” as it consumed its meal—an incredibly rare find. Scientists have previously seen a black hole consume a star, and they’ve also seen black holes spew superheated matter, but this is the first time they’ve seen both events occur so closely together. Viewing this particular disappearing act at the center of a nearby galaxy has shed light on a previously theoretical phenomenon and brought researchers closer to understanding the physics of black holes.Ever since researchers at Ohio State University noticed a star roughly the size of the sun being pulled into a black hole in December 2014, a team of scientists led by Johns Hopkins University professor Sjoert van Velzen fixed its eyes on the hungry black hole, located roughly 300 million light years from Earth. Over the course of several months, van Velzen’s team watched the black hole siphon material from the doomed star until it was entirely devoured. Using a combination of X-ray, radio and optical signals, the team tracked the star’s demise across multiple wavelengths, which allowed them to piece together a more complete picture of what happens when a black hole snacks on a star.Jets of X-ray and gamma ray radiation emanating from black holes have been documented before, but never as a direct result of a star being consumed. Black holes periodically emit particles from accretion disks, or rings of particles caught in their gravitational pull. It had been hypothesized that a similar emission would occur if a large body, such as a star, were dragged into a black hole. Scientists, however, had never been able to observe such an event. So, when researchers noticed an abrupt spike in activity around the black hole back in 2014, they knew they were about to watch something special. The size and intensity of the flare ruled out the possibility that it was caused by the black hole’s accretion disk, leaving few other possibilities.“Previous efforts to find evidence for these jets, including my own, were late to the game,” van Velzen said in a news release.Because they caught the black hole in the act this time, researchers were able to confirm the theory that black holes emit flares of radiation in the process of consuming large quantities of matter. While this phenomenon is still largely a mystery, it is thought that the jets are caused by magnetic fields interacting with the particles swirling around a black hole. The team published their findings in the journal Science.“The destruction of a star by a black hole is beautifully complicated, and far from understood,” van Velzen said. “From our observations, we learn the streams of stellar debris can organize and make a jet rather quickly which is valuable input for constructing a complete theory of these events.”13. It is the first time that scientists have witnessed（）.14. Since December 2014, professor van Velzen and his team have observed and tracked（）.15. Before this observation, scientists didn’t know（）.16. According to professor van Velzen, theory about the events is（）.

上一页

1 / 19