试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

苏州大学

In this part you are to comment upon the following utterance by a 12-year-oldCanadian girl who was challenging the important persons when she said, “I could be a child starving in Somalia，or victim of war in the Middle East, or a beggar in India. I am only a child, yet I know, if all the money spent on war was spent on finding environmental answers, ending poverty and finding treaties, what a wonderful place this earth will be! At school, even in kindergartens, you teach us how Io behave in the world. You teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not to be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the things that you tell us not to do?”You should give your own title, and write at least 300 words about environmental woes, the underlying policies etc. You can either describe with a purpose or support your thesis statement by developing adequately. Please write your statements on your Answer Sheet

On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of America’s immigration law Monday---a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”. The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws compiled with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong extensively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. （5分）How did the human scamp（放浪者）begin his ascent to civilization? What were the first signs of promise in him, or of his developing intelligence? The answer is undoubtedly to be found in man’s playful curiosity, in his first efforts to fumble with his hands and turn everything inside out to examine it, as a monkey in his idle moments turns the eyelid or the earlobe of a fellow monkey, looking for lice or for nothing at all—just turning about for turning about’ s sake.（4分）Looking back now, I feel as though fate had set out that day to teach me a lesson. And it succeeded. Just a few feet past him, I managed to find the only ice patch on the sidewalk. As I slipped, I tried to position myself so the impact would occur on my hip and thigh, but unfortunately my aim was about as good as my judgment of character, and I managed to land square on my right knee.（3分）India is now being caricatured as a nation of predatory brains set on stealing American jobs---and good jobs, to boot. This strong reaction to the shifting of jobs is spawning pained frustration in India, a country the United States was cheering not so long ago as it began to open a largely socialist, closed economy and enter the global arena.（3分）

今诸生学于太学(the Imperial College)，县官(the royal court)日有廪稍之供，父母岁有裘葛之遗，无冻馁之患矣；坐大厦之下而诵《诗》《书》，无奔走之劳矣；有司业(Directors of Studies)、博士之师，未有问而不告，求而不得者也；凡所宜有之书集于此，不必若余之手录，假诸人而后见也。其业有不精，德有不成者，非天质之卑，则心不若余之专耳，岂他人之过哉？(5分)人们为梦想而斗争，正如为财产而斗争一样。于是梦想即由幻想的世界走进了现实的世界，而成为了我们生命中的一个真实力量。梦想无论怎样模糊，总潜伏在我们心底，使我们的心境永远得不到宁静，直到这些梦想成为事实为止；像种子在底下一样，一定要萌芽滋长，伸出地面来，寻找阳光。(4分)目前是研究在交叉文化与多种文化方面人类的相似性的最好时机了。差异谈得够多了。强调我们的差异使我们人类彼此疏远，使我们长久地相互猜疑；在极端的情况下加深我们的分歧使我们彼此否定，失去人性结果是导致相互残杀。(3分)刑事侦破(forensic)科学家的工作，与其说是迅速和富于洞察力，不如说是更为缓慢，更具有分析性的。但这种方法所展示出的高质量与谨慎可由如下事实得以反映出来：只有少数案件真正会成为审判室的主要案件。鉴于在预审中被告所听到的刑侦证据之确凿，他们常常折服于证明他们有罪的有分量的科学信息，并且在审判还未开始之前就低头认罪。（3分）

In the spring of 2010, fiscal austerity became fashionable. I use the term advisedly: the sudden consensus among Very Serious People that everyone must balance budgets now wasn’t based on any kind of careful analysis. It was more like a fad, something everyone professed to believe because that was what the in-crowd was saying.And it’s a fad that has been fading lately, as evidence has accumulated that the lessons of the past remain relevant, that trying to balance budgets in the face of high unemployment and falling inflation is still a really bad idea. Most notably, the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth. There have been widespread claims that deficit-cutting actually reduces unemployment because it reassures consumers and businesses; but multiple studies of historical record, including one by the International Monetary Fund, have shown that this claim has no basis in reality.No widespread fad ever passes, however, without leaving some fashion victims in its wake. In this case, the victims are the people of Britain, who have the misfortune to be ruled by a government that took office at the height of the austerity fad and won’t admit that it was wrong. Britain, like America, is suffering from the aftermath of a housing and debt bubble. Its problems are compounded by London’s role as an international financial center: Britain came to rely on too much on profits from wheeling and dealing to drive its economy---and on financial-industry tax payments to pay for government programs.Over-reliance on the financial industry largely explains why Britain, which came into the crisis with relatively low public debt, has seen its budget deficit soar to 11 percent of GD.P. --- slightly worse than the U.S. deficit. And there’s no question that Britain will eventually need to balance its books with spending cuts and tax increases. The operative word here should, however, be “eventually.” Fiscal austerity will depress the economy further unless it can be offset by a fall in interest rates. Right now, interest rates in Britain, as in America, are already very low, with little room to fall further. The sensible thing, then, is to devise a plan for putting the nation’s fiscal house in order, while waiting until a solid economic recovery is under way before wielding the ax.But trendy fashion, almost by definition, isn’t sensible---and the British government seems determined to ignore the lessons of history. Both the new British budget announced on Wednesday and the rhetoric that accompanied the announcement might have come straight from the desk of Andrew Mellon, the Treasury secretary who told President Herbert Hoover to fight the Depression by liquidating the farmers, liquidating the workers, and driving down wages. Or if you prefer more British precedents, it echoes the Snowden budget of 1931, which tried to restore confidence but ended up deepening the economic crisis.The British government’s plan is bold, say the pundits---and so it is. But it boldly goes in exactly the wrong direction. It would cut government employment by 490,000 workers---the equivalent of almost three million layoffs in the United States---at a time when the private sector is in no position to provide alternative employment. It would slash spending at a time when private demand isn’t at all ready to take up the slack. Why is the British government doing this? The real reason has a lot to do with ideology: the Tories are using the deficit as an excuse to downsize the welfare state. But the official rationale is that there is no alternative.What happens now? Maybe Britain will get lucky, and something will come along to rescue the economy. But the best guess is that Britain in 2011 will look like Britain in 1931, or the United States in 1937, or Japan in 1997. That is, premature fiscal austerity will lead to a renewed economic slump. As always, those who refuse to learn from the past are doomed to repeat it.1.The “fiscal austerity” refers to （）.2.By saying “the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth”，the author means （）.3.What is wrong with the current government’s financial policy?4.By mentioning Andrew Mellon, the author implies that （）.5.To the author, the practice of fiscal austerity will certainly lead to （）.

The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects --- a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen --- is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.”George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death, “It’s like surgery，’’ he says, “We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.”On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for asserting and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse.” He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear ... that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompletely managed and should result in license suspension.”1.From the first three paragraphs, we can learn that （）_.2.Which of the following statements is true according to the text?3.According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is （）.4.George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they （）.

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