试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

上海交通大学

Directions: In this part you are asked to write an essay of about 250 words based on the above issue. How do you look at it? Do you think it is an effective way for young people to find an ideal mate? Please well organize your opinions. Write the essay on Answer Sheet (2)on\y. Please also give your essay a title. Today in Beijing, Shanghai and many other more developed cities of China, where young people are busy with making money, worried parents are trying to find their single children a partner by exploring the dating scene in public parks or arranging dates for them.

Feeling stressed out lately? Has the doctor said he cannot find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the （1） equipment there show that there is nothing wrong.Then consider this, you might be in a （2） of sub-health. Sub-health, also called the third state, is （3） as a borderline slate between health and disease. According to an investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 per cent of subhealthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management （4） as well as students around exam-time. This may be due to their heightened （5） to stress.Symptoms include a （6） of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia, agitation and （7） memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs.According to some medical experts, the （8） to preventing and recovering from sub-health is to form good living habits. （9） work with rest, exercise regularly, and take part in （10） air activities will all help.As for meals, people are （11）to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and fish because they are rich in nutritious （12） , such as vitamins, which are （13） to the body.Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause （14） changes in the digestive tract. They also say that a （15） diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health.

The Japanese desire for marriage had been very strong. In the fifth "world youth attitude survey" （1 ） by the Management and Coordination Agency in 1993, over 70 percent of the Japanese （2 ） chose the answers "One should get married" or "It's better to get married." Of the 11 countries surveyed, Japan was （3 ） only by the Philippines in the percentage of those advocating marriage （4 ） opposed to a single life.In recent years, however, there has been a spreading recognition among the Japanese public that something （5 ） is happening in people's attitudes toward marriage.When they began to have adequate food, clothing and shelter after years of postwar shortages and thus became able to （6 ） their attention to other matters, the Japanese for the first time （7 ） a renewed look at the question of marriage. In the 1990s, people began to ask "What on earth is marriage anyway?" and to talk about marriage itself.In Japan, the proportion of men still unmarried in their thirties reached about 20 percent in the national census taken in 1985, and the （8 ） apparently exceeded 30 percent in 1995. The proportion of unmarried women in the 25-29 age bracket has been increasing （9 ） about 5 percent every five years until it is now nearly 50 percent.What are the real reasons women choose not to marry? Early on, two were （10 ） ; women were now better educated and more women were interested in working outside the home. Many women have become （11 ） independent, acquiring enough self-confidence to （12 ） a meaningful life outside of marriage. And （13 ） seems to be a wide gap in the way men and women view marriage. Women generally believe that, （14 ） women's roles in Japan's postwar society have become diversified, men have essentially remained unchanged. （15 ） such circumstances, communication between the sexes is, in fact, far from easy.Besides that, in the postwar Japan, individualism has begun to take （16 ） . The 50 years since the end of the war may be regarded as the process of a （17 ） from the family-centered to the individual-centered way of thinking. In Japan today, society has matured to a point （18 ） it now tolerates a diversity of marriage styles which were unthinkable not very long ago. In the future, such tolerance is almost （19 ） to increase. But a headlong plunge toward unbridled individualism is also dangerous. The ideal （20 ） may be to achieve a complementary fusion of the collectivism of Japan's traditional community and the individualism of the new age.

Despite decades of scientific research, no one yet knows how much damage human activity is doing to the environment. Humans are thought to be responsible for a whole host of environmental problems, ranging from global warming to ozone depiction. What is not in doubt, however, is the devastating effect humans are having on the animal and plant life of the planet.Currently, an estimated 50,000 species become extinct every year. If this carries on, the impact on all living creatures is likely to be profound, says Dr Nick Middleton, a geographer at Oxford University. "All species depend in some way on each other to survive. And the danger is that, if you remove one species from this very complex web of interrelationships, you have very little idea about the knock-on effects on the ecosystem. So, if you lose a key species, you might cause a whole cascade of other extinctions."Complicating matters is the fact that there are no obvious solutions to the problem. Unlike global warming and ozone depletion ― which, if the political will was there, could be reduced by cutting gas emissions preserving biodiversity remains an intractable problem.The latest idea is "sustainable management", which is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from extinction. This means humans should be able to use any species of animal or plant for their benefit, provided enough individuals of that species are left alive to ensure its continued existence.For instance, instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against poaching, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. In Zimbabwe, there is a sustainable management project to protect elephants. Foreign tourists pay large sums of money to kill these animals for sport. This money is then given to the inhabitants of the area where the hunting takes place. In theory, locals will be encouraged to protect elephants, instead of poaching them ― or allowing other； to poach them - because of the economic benefit involved.This sounds like a sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it will work. With corruption endemic in many developing countries, some observers are skeptical that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. Others wonder how effective the locals will be at stopping poachers.There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practical when it comes to protecting areas of great- bio-diversity such as the world's tropical forests. In theory, the principle should be the same as with elephants ― allow logging companies to cut down a certain number of trees, but not so many as to completely destroy the forest.Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. But because almost all tropical forests are located in countries which desperately need revenue from logging, there arc few regulations to do this. Moreover, unrestricted logging is so much more profitable that wood prices from managed forests would cost up to five times more ― an increase that consumers, no matter how "green", are unlikely to pay.For these reasons, sustainable management of tropical forests is unlikely to become widespread in the near future. This is disheartening news. It's estimated these forests contain anything from 50 to 90 percent of all animal and plant species on Earth. In one study of a five-square-kilometer area of rain forest in Peru, for instance, scientists counted 1,300 species of butterfly and 600 species of birD.In the entire continental United States, only 400 species of butterfly and 700 species of bird have been recorded.Scientist Professor Norman Myers sees this situation as a gigantic "experiment we're conducting with our planet". "We don't know what the outcome will be. If we make a mess of it, we can't move to another planet." It's a case of one planet, one experiment."1.What damage do we know for sure is human activity doing to the environment?2.What is an effective way to preserve biodiversity?3.What is NOT true about the idea of sustainable management?4.What factor(s) might affect the practicality of sustainable management?5.Why is sustainable management of tropical forests unlikely to be used in the near future?

To live in the United Slates today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf's assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl make people see how important the human quality of technology is; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly became completely disordered and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development of supplement and replaces some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.1.A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it （） .2.The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to show that（） .3.According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because （） .4.By using the phrase "the human quality of technology" (line 7, ParA.2), the author refers to the fact that technology （）.5.The passage is based on the author's（） .

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