试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

山东大学

Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby’s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one’s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner”.The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.1.The author is convinced that the eyes are____ .2.Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person____ .3.According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner’s neck because_____.4.According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to_____.5.To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants_______.

When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives, we usually think about the Federal agents. But the private sector outdoes the government every time. It’s Linda Tripp, not the FBI, who is facing charges under Maryland’s laws against secret telephone taping. It’s our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms.Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far. The legislators lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will.As an example of what’s going on, consider U. S. Bancorp, which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer called MemberWorks with sensitive customer data such as names，phone numbers, bank-account and credit-card numbers, Social Security numbers, account balances and credit limits.With these customer lists in hand, MemberWorks started dialing for dollars-selling dental plans, videogames, computer software and other products and services. Customers who accepted a “free trial offer” had 30 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts. U. S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues.Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims. They didn’t know that the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks. And if customers asked, they were led to think the answer was no.The state sued MemberWorks separately for deceptive selling. The company denies that it did anything wrong. For its part, U. S. Bancorp settled without admitting any mistakes. But it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms. A few top banks decided to do the same. Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms.And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products, including things of little value, such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans.You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit. For example, no federal law shields “transaction and experience” information—mainly the details of your bank and credit-card accounts. Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms. They’ve generally agreed not to sell to the public. But to businesses, the numbers are an open book. Self-regulation doesn’t work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy, but who enforces it?Take U. S. Bancorp again. Customers were told, in writing, that “all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential”. Then it sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank even claims that it doesn’t “sell” your data at all. It merely “shares” it and reaps a profit. Now you know.1.Contrary to popular belief, the author finds that spying on people’s privacy（）.2.We know from the passage that（）.3.When the “free trial” deadline is over, you’ll be charged without notice for a product or service if（）.4.Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank accounts as private because_（）_.5.We can infer from the passage that（）.

The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases （1） the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant （2） of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a （3） bill that will propose making payments to witnesses （4） and will strictly control the amount of （5）that can be given to a case （6） a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he （7 ） with a committee report this year which said that self-regulation did not （8） sufficient control. （9） of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a （10）of media protest when he said the（11）of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges （12） to parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which （ 13） the European convention on Human Rights legally （14） in Britain, laid down that everybody was （15 ） to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands （ 16） our British judges,” he said. Witness payments became an （17 ） after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were （18） to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised. （19 ） witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to （20 ）guilty verdicts.

In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, （）schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16.

Henry’s news report covering the conference was so（）that nothing had been omitted.

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