试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

辽宁大学

中国的电影行业已经步入了一个新阶段，始于七年前的行业结构改革使国内票房以年均3%的惊人速度达到一个新的增长水平，这在世界上也是不多见的。更多的优秀电影展现给了公众，这自然会吸引越来越多的观众走进电影院，也会激发投资商对该行业投资的热情，这的确是个良性循环。中央政府已经采取了新政策，帮助刺激国内市场的发展。随着国内与国际市场密切关系的建立，国产影片在海外的影响和竞争力一定会越来越大。中国也已经承诺，将按照WTO协议进一步开放娱乐市场。当前，中国的电影制作人主要是自筹资金，但是新的筹资渠道正在出现。随着中国金融体制的完善，越来越多的电影电视公司依靠金融机构筹集资金，同时以票房收入、版权转让以及演员的个人声望做保障。

Today, we anxiously scrutinize examination scores and worry whether our child will be admitted into prestigious university. Most of the time, the irritating child or student with low scores only receives negative attention. Considering the hue and cries about teaching Chinese students to be more creative, and the constant comparisons of the differences between East and West education, maybe we are futilely trying to pound square peg into round holes.Creativity is related to problem-solving ability, and the fundamental truth is that creativity and effectiveness calls for a fully engaged mind. On the one hand, a creative person is like a flesh and blood computer, collecting, assembling, arranging and integrating data. On the other hand, the creative person is the attentive student of life. People wanting to acquire a creative mentality must first and foremost be in the mind-set of fully embracing all of their learning experience. The mind is the chain, and the variety of ideas and experiences are the gears.The personal orientation toward achievement is an attitude. Learning and demonstrating creative decision-making is not a by-product from being conditioned to memorize correct answers, or retrieve exact bits of data for producing a high final score. Creativity is a by-product of mental risk-taking and experimentation, and one is fully engaging personal thinking in the fun of abstract play: mental gymnastics.

Do you see the glass as half full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hollow? Suddenly these clichés are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking.A fast-growing body of research is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful; pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. “If you could teach people to think more positively,” says psychologist Craig, “it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills.”Your abilities count, but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will. In part, that’s because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.Take, for example, your job. In a major study, psychologist Seligman and his colleague surveyed sales representatives at a Life Insurance Company. They found that the positive thinkers among longtime representatives sold 37 percent more insurance than did the negative thinkers. Of newly hired representatives, optimists sold 20 percent more. How did they do it? The secret to an optimist’s success is in his “explanatory style.” When things go wrong, the pessimist tends to blame himself, while the optimist looks for loopholes. When things go right, the optimist takes credit while the pessimist sees success as a fluke.Negative or positive, it was a self-fulfilling prophecy. “If people feel hopeless, they don’t bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed,” says Craig.A sense of control is the litmus test for success. The optimist feels in control of his own life. The pessimist feels like fate’s plaything and moves slowly. He doesn’t see advice, since he assumes nothing can be done. Optimists may think they are better than the facts would justify and sometimes that’s what keeps them alive. Dr. Sandra Levey of Pittsburg Cancer Institute studied women with advanced breast cancer. For the women who were generally optimistic, there was a longer disease-free interval, the best predictor of survival. In a pilot study of women in the early stages of breast cancer, Dr. Levey found the disease recurred sooner among the pessimists.

Population growth often increases poverty and causes migration in the search for new farmland. In a country where arable land is scarce, poor farmers are often associated with environmental degradation. It is estimated that about 85 percent of the rural poor reside in degraded areas. Continued population growth places further pressure on the existing capacity of the land, forcing farmers to cultivate their crops in higher and steeper areas. The challenge is to find sustainable agricultural production systems and nonagricultural strategies that would generate gainful employment and income for the rural poor.It is widely recognized that poverty alleviation is imperative if sustainability is to be achieved. A number of policies and associated public expenditures have been directed towards poverty alleviation, with varying levels of success. Some poverty alleviation policies may have an impact on the environment or create an incentive system that works against the environment. A recent study showed that government spending on roads has had the biggest impact on rural poverty reduction, and that the impact of road construction is almost twice that of government spending on agricultural research and development, education, rural development and irrigation also have positive but lesser impact on rural poverty reduction. However, spending on fertilizers and other subsidies was not taken into account in the study. That roads are an important part of infrastructure and have the greatest impact on poverty reduction is not contested here. However, the environmental implications of expanding road networks should be noted. Poverty-stricken populations are sometimes located near biodiversity-rich areas and tend to depend on this common pool of resources for their livelihood. Lack of access is a common on characteristic of both poverty and biodiversity. As access improves, the poverty situation tends to lessen because of better access to education, health services and income-generating opportunity.

For many Chinese people, the beginning of 2011 holds the promise of a fresh round of education reforms, which are expected to boost the country’s education quality through increasing government investment, narrowing gaps between urban and rural schools, achieving internationally acknowledged higher education and reducing academic corruption and bureaucracy.According to the landmark reform plan, government investment will increase steadily to support the education sector, with education expenditure amounting to 4% of GDP by 2012.China first pledged to increase its education spending to 4 percent of the GDP in 1993, but has, so far, failed to achieve the target. The plan, which took one year and nine months to draw up and invited public submission on two separate occasions, was seen as setting the tone for the development of education sector, which has long suffered from funding shortage and unbalanced development between rural and urban areas.The development of education, ranging from preschool education to vocational education in rural areas, will be a priority of the country’s overall development programs.The 22-chapter plan says preschool education should basically be universal by 2020, and nine-year compulsory education policy should be consolidated. The enrolment rate for senior middle school should be 90 percent of school age children, while the enrolment rate for higher education should be 40 percent of high school graduates.The key for China to build world-level universities lies in authorizing the educators, students and society to assess the quality of education, allowing professors to conduct academic research with full freedom and empowering students to participate in university administration.

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