东华大学
Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century.(1)   in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was (2)   on both sides with many(3)  businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries.(4)  , some shops offered(5)  . These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoerepair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.(6)  in the 1950s, a change began to(7)  . Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street(8)  too few parking places were(9)  shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces(10)  the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got(11)   the first shopping center was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls,(12)  as a collection of small new stores(13)  crowded city centers. (14)  by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from(15)  areas to outlying malls. And the growing(16)  of shopping centers led(17)  to the building of bigger and better-stocked stores.(18)  the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the(19)  of one-stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, (20)   benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too”, she says.Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, expels say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says john deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broke. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.1. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means ______2. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?3. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about ______4. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic showdown?5. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
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