试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

大连理工大学

Auction (拍卖)are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd to gather in the auction room to bid for various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid highest figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction and the English word comes from the Latin “antic”, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war, these miles were called “sub hanta”, meaning “under the spear’’, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a carved to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle’’, a shoe candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning.Practically all goods can be sold by auction. Among these are coffee, skins, wool, tea, cobra, fir, mat, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, old books, old china and works of art. The auction rooms at Christie’s and Sotheby’s in London and New York are world famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be told and where and when they can be viewed by the buyers. If the advertisement cannot gives full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called drafter, as generally as. The auctioneer need not begin with lot one and continue the numerical order, he safely wait until he the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interesting in. The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding.1.Auctioned goods are sold（） .2.The end of bidding is called “knocking down” because （）.3.In the sentence “The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war,59 the word “spoils” most probably means （）.4.In England a candle used to burn at auction sales（） .5. An auction catalogue gives buyers （）.

Some people simply see education as going to schools or colleges, or as a means to secure good jobs, most people view education as a lifelong process. In your opinion, how important is education to modern man?

Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible，as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of “The pleasure of taking pains”.The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the roles. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary roles, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.

中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以去贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆！它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和现今的科技成果。

But if language habits do not represent classes, a social stratification into something as bygone as “aristocracy” and “commons”, they do still of course serve to identify social groups. This is something that seems fundamental in the use of language. As we see in relation to political and national movements, language is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way we look at it. The new boy at school feels out of it at first because he does not know the right words for things, and awe-inspiring pundits of six or seven look down on him for not being aware that racksy means “dilapidated”，or hairy “out first ball”. The miner takes a certain pride in being “one up” on the visitor or novice who calls the cage a “lift” or who thinks that men working in a warm seam are in their “underpants” when anyone ought to know that the garments are called hoggers. The “insider” is seldom displeased that his language distinguishes him from the “outsider”.Quite apart from specialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and professions, there are all kinds of standards of correctness at which most of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that certain kinds of English invite irritation or downright condemnation. On the other hand, we know that other kinds convey some kind of prestige and bear a welcome cachet.In relation to the social aspects of languages, it may well be suggested that English speakers fall into three categories, the assured, the anxious and the indifferent. At one end of this scale, we have the people who have “position” and “status”, and who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use of English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an unimpeachable form of English: no fear of being criticized or corrected is likely to cross their minds, and this gives their speech that characteristically unselfconscious and easy flow which is often envied.At the other end of the scale, we have an equally imperturbable band, speaking with a similar degree of careless ease, because even if they are aware that their English is condemned by others, they are supremely indifferent to the fact. The Mrs. Mops of this world have active and efficient tongues in their heads, and if we happened not to like their ways of saying things, well, we “can lump it”. That is their attitude. Curiously enough, writers are inclined to represent the speech of both these extreme parties with-in for ing. In the one hand, “we’re goin ‘huntin’’，my dear sir”； on the other, “we’re goin ‘racin’,mate”In between, according to this view, we have a far less fortunate group, the anxious. These actively try to suppress what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. They live their lives in some degree of nervousness over their grammar, their pronunciation, and their choice of words: sensitive, and fearful of betraying themselves. Keeping up with the Joneses is measured not only in houses, furniture, refrigerators, cars, and clothes, but also in speech.And the misfortune of the “anxious” does not end with their inner anxiety. Their lot is also the open or veiled contempt of the “assured” on the side of them and of the “indifferent” on the other.It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at the anxious. The people thus uncomfortably stilted on linguistic high heels so often form part of what is, in many ways, the most admirable section of any society: the ambitious, tense, inner-driven people, who are bent on “going places and doing things”. The greater the pity, then, if a disproportionate amount of their energy goes into what Mr. Sharpless called “this shabby obsession” with variant forms of English—especially if the net result is (as so often) merely to sound affected and ridiculous.” Here, according to Bacon, “is the first distemper of learning, when men study words and not matter....It seems to me that Pygmalion’s frenzy is a good emblem ... of this vanity: for words are but the images of matter; and except they have life of reason and invention, to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture.” 1.The attitude held by the assured towards language is .（） .2.The anxious are considered a less fortunate group because（） .3.The author thinks that the efforts made by the anxious to cultivate what they believe is good English are（） .

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