试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

宁波大学

Directions: Carefully read the following passage and write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words. You should write the composition on the ANS WER SHEET. Note that your score will be awarded mainly on the base of content, logic, style and language. (30%)Chinese, film star Zhai Tianlin, who apologised publicly for his academic misconduct after being accused of plagiarism, has been stripped of his PhD by the Bejjing Film Academy and expelled by Peking University from a two-year doctoral research programme at the Guanghua School of Management. This has brought to an end Zhai’s persona as a“xueba”, a popular Chinese term for an academic overachiever.Does the plagiarism scandal of Zhai Tianlin exert any disastrous impacts on Chinese education and society? An argumentative is expected to support your viewpoint.

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)For many years, Wisconsin had one of the finest public-university systems in the country. (46) It was built on an idea: that the university’s influence should not end at the campus’s borders. That professors — and the students they taught — should “search for truth” to help state legislators write laws, aid the community with technical skills, and generally improve the quality of life across the state.Many people attribute the Wisconsin Idea, as it is known, to Charles Van Hise, the president of the University of Wisconsin from 1903 to 1918. (47) “I shall never be content until the beneficent influence of the University reaches every family of the state,” Hise said in an address in 1905. “If our beloved institution reaches this ideal it will be the first perfect state university.” His idea was written into the mission of the state’s university system, and over time that system became a model for what public higher education could be.(48) But the backbone of the idea almost went away in 2015, when Governor Scott Walker released his administration’s budget proposal which included a change to the university’s mission. The Wisconsin Idea would be tweaked. The “search for truth” would be cut in favor of a charge to “meet the state’s workforce needs.”To those outside Wisconsin, the proposed change might have seemed small. After all, what’s so bad about an educational system that propels people into a high-tech economy? (49) But to many Wisconsinites, the change struck at the heart of the state’s identity. They argued that the idea — with it core tenets of truth, public service, and “improving the human condition” — is what makes Wisconsin, Wisconsin.(50) Walker ultimately scrapped his attempt to alter the Wisconsin Idea, claiming that his administration hadn’t meant to change it, that it was just a “drafting error.” And so the Wisconsin Idea was preserved — at least in an official sense.But though the words survived intact, many Wisconsinites believe that in the years since, the change Walker had proposed has taken place nevertheless. And one of the state’s institutions, the University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point, is the epicenter of that change.In mid-November, the university announced its plans to stop offering six liberal-arts majors, including geography, geology, French, German, two-and three-dimensional art, and history. The plan stunned observers, many of whom argued that at a time when Nazism is resurgent, society needs for people to know history, even if the economy might not...

Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There is one extra choice, which does not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)If you shop at Westfield, you’ve probably been scanned and recorded by dozens of hidden cameras built into the centers’ digital advertising billboards. The semi-camouflaged cameras can determine not only your age and gender but your mood, cueing up tailored advertisements within seconds, thanks to facial detection technology.Westfield’s Smartscreen network was developed by the French software firm Quividi back in 2015. (41) And once the billboards have your attention they hit record, sharing your reaction with advertisers. Quividi says their billboards can distinguish shoppers’ gender with 90% precision, five categories of mood from “very happy to very unhappy” and customers’ age within a five-year bracket.Mood is a particularly valuable insight for advertisers, revealing shoppers’ general sentiment towards a brand and how they feel in particular stores at certain times of the day. (42)(43) Scentre Group, Westfield Australia’s parent company, emphasises that all data collected is anonymous and that they are using facial detection, not facial recognition technology (FRT). This means generic information such as a shopper’s age and gender is collected rather than the technology using photo-matching databases to identify who customers are. A spokesperson would not confirm whether or not Westfield would consider using FRT in the future.(44) Quividi’s host of international clients include Telstra, 7-Eleven, Coca-Cola, oOH Media and HSBC bank.Terry Hartmann, vice president of Cognitec Asia Pacific, the company that develops “market-leading face recognition technologies for customers and government agencies around the world”, says using facial detection commercially is no different to Facebook’s manipulation of users’ online search history for targeted advertising — “You’re not identifying who that person is, you’re just identifying the characteristics of that person. (45)”A. There are now more than 1,600 billboards installed into 41 Westfield centers across Australia and New Zealand.B. But Microsoft has acknowledged the concerns about FRT and called for greater government regulation of the use of this technology.C. Their discreet cameras capture blurry images of shoppers and apply statistical analysis to identify audience demographics.D. That’s no different to Facebook popping up ads you might be interested in and social media picking up people based on their clicking habits or the shopping that they’ve done.E. Retail companies are increasingly turning to facial detection and facial recognition software to attract and engage a distracted audience.F. Unlike gender and age, mood is harder to determine, sitting at around 80% accuracy.

We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth, although there are other, more surprising causes. Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit evil-smelling gases, the rest of which is hydrogen sulfide. Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen-rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfur-producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic “morning breath”. Alcohol, hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise — anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though it’s not understood why. Some people’s breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview. Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad-breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.For most of us, the simple, dry-mouth variety of a bad breath is easily cured. Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath. Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry-mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad-breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. The trouble is, they don’t necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus. If the mouthwash contains alcohol — as most do — it can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth.36. The phrase “emanate from” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.37. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?38. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because ______.39. Mouth washes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because ______.40. We can infer from this passage that ______.

The definition of aesthetic pleasure is a popular subject for many different fields. In the following, adapted from an article found in a science journal, a physicist discusses the unique perspective that his discipline allows him.Since time immemorial, countless scholars have asked the question: What is beauty? As philosophers engage in weighty discourses, designers update the latest fashions, and artists create their masterpieces, what is considered beautiful changes at an alarming pace. Fifty years ago, the full-figured Marilyn Monroe embodied the American aesthetic value; today, a legion of Hollywood actresses vastly different in appearance from Marilyn’s have taken her place. However, aesthetic values not only differ from generation to generation, but do so along cultural lines as well. The conventions that govern painting and music vary greatly from East to West. Often, what is considered repellent to on civilization is the pinnacle of aesthetic appeal in another. Thus, when left to the sphere of human design, the search for an absolute definition of beauty remains an elusive one at best.As fundamental physicists, my colleagues and I like to believe that we are involved in a search for a beauty that does not remain impervious to definition. The beauty that we search for is not that which is laid down through the work of people and subject to ephemeral tastes, but rather that which has been established by Nature. Those not involved with physics tend to think of it as a precise and predictive science — certainly not a field of study fit for the contemplation of the beautiful. Yet one of physics’ greatest gifts is that it allows its students to look past extrinsic appearances, into a more overwhelming beauty. As a human being, I am captivated by the visual appeal of a wave crashing on the beach. As a physicist however, I possess the ability to be captivated by the much deeper beauty of the physical laws that govern such a phenomenon. Where the non-physicist sees a lovely but inexplicable event, the well-schooled physicist is able to perceive a brilliant design.In truth, since the day that Albert Einstein first proposed the notion that there might be one overarching physical theory that governs the universe, aesthetics have become a driving force in modern physics. What Einstein and we, as his intellectual descendants, have discovered is this: Nature, as its most fundamental level, is beautifully constructed. The remarkable simplicity of the laws that governs the universe is, at times, nothing short of breath-taking. And at every step, as new discoveries and technologies allow us to examine the physical world on deeper and deeper levels, we find that the beauty itself becomes more profound. As Einstein himself said, it would seem more likely that we should find ourselves living a “chaotic world, in no way graspable through thinking.” Yet here we are, closer than ever to a full understanding of the universe’s beautiful clockwork.31. The reference to “Marilyn Monroe” in Paragraph 1 primarily serves to ______.32. The author’s assertion in Paragraph 1 (“what is considered repellent…in another”) suggests that ______.33. As used in Paragraph 2, the phrase “laid down” most nearly means ______.34. The author uses the words “ephemeral” and “Nature” (Paragraph 2) in order to ______.35. In the course of outlining the various gifts of physics, the author cites all of the following EXCEPT ______.

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