试题库在线考试题库-历年真题模拟试题及答案-考博英语在线试题测试中心-希赛网

山西大学

Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic given below with no less than 150 words. You should write it on the ANSWER SHEET. Knowledge from books and knowledge from experienceYour composition should be based on the following outline:1. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from books with knowledge gained from experience.2. Which source do you think is more important? Give at least two reasons.

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小班上课要求学生参与讨论，因此他们不再被动听课。在与老师和同学进行学术交流时，他们的能力大幅度提高。这种交流有助于教师在考试前了解学生掌握了哪些知识，因此能提高自己的教学质量。这样的课程需要教师们精力充沛、富有想象、认真思考，所有这一切可能令人身心疲惫，但却能促使学生对自己的学业负责。

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Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with.The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases.

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What is a lifestyle and how is that different from a life? A lifestyle is about brand（1）and buying identity or fame. Lifestyle gives a（2）of peace and acceptability that comes from others recognizing what you’ve bought. If your car and clothes are expensive, then you receive the superficial（3）of others. A life,（4）is very different. A life is what you lead when you know what（5）most to you. Your self-esteem comes from what’s inside you. It comes from being connected to what you know is important, and being（6）to put that first no matter what others may think.How many times have you seen someone work（7）hours in a job that they do not enjoy just to be able to （8）an expensive lifestyle? There was a recent commercial on TV that showed a man laughing in his yard saying: “I drive an expensive car, have a 5 bedroom home, a country club membership, a swimming pool and I’m in debt（9）my eyeballs！”Lifestyle is expensive because it（10）a great deal to do what you think is socially（11）. A life is not expensive. Rather than（12）personal or financial resources, a life generates（13）and power. This is not an issue of（14）luxury for its own sake; it’s about liberating yourself from the（15）consumption that society dictates. It is about making the choices that are （16）your values.How can you make the change? Understand the（17）between a Life (being directed from within) and a Lifestyle (being directed from outside). Analyze your current lifestyle to see（18）is costing you in money, time and energy to keep it. Let go and（19）what is really important to you, what（20）you and brings you joy. Remember who you are from within, not what you own!

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As a motivational speaker, Caroline Miller knows a few things about using mental exercises to achieve goals. But last year, one exercise she was asked to try took her by surprise. Every night, she was to think of three good things that happened that day and analyze why they occurred. That was supposed to increase her overall happiness. “I thought it was too simple to be effective”, said Miller. “I went to Harvard. I’m used to things being complicated.” But, the quality of her dreams did change and she did feel happier.That exercise is one of several that have shown preliminary promise in recent research into how people can make themselves happier—not just for a day or two, but long-term. It’s part of a larger body of work that challenges a long-standing skepticism about whether that’s even possible.For decades, a widely accepted view has been that people are suck with a basic setting on their happiness thermostat. It says the effects of good or bad life events like marriage, a raise, divorce, or disability will simply fade with time. We adapt to them just like we stop noticing bad odor from behind the living room couch after a while.But recent long-term studies have revealed that the happiness thermostat is more malleable than the popular theory maintained. “Set-point is not destiny,” says psychologist Ed Diener of the University of Illinois.The think-of-three-good-things exercise that Miller found so simplistic at first is among those being tested by Martin Seligman at the University of Pennsylvania. People keep doing it on their own because it’s immediately rewarding. It makes people focus more on good things, which might otherwise be forgotten, because of daily disappointments.Sonja Lyubomirsky, a psychologist at the University of California, meanwhile, is testing some other simple strategies. “This is not rocket science,” she said. For example, participants were asked to regularly practice random acts of kindness, things like holding a door open for a stranger, for 10 weeks. Participants who performed a variety of acts, rather than repeating the same ones, showed an increase in happiness even a month after the experiment was concluded. Those who kept on doing the acts on their own did better than those who didn’t.But she also said any long-term effect will probably depend on people continuing to work at it. “Happiness is the process not the place. So many of us think that when we get everything just right, we will be happy… But once we get everything in place, we still need new goals and activities. The Princess could not just stop when she got the Prince.”1.For Miller, the think-of-three-good-things exercise（）.2.According to the widely accepted view about happiness,（）.3.Results from separate tests by Martin Seligman and Sonja Lyubomirsky both show that（）.4.“The Princess could not just stop when she got the Prince.” suggests that（）.5.The passage is mainly written to（）.

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