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单选题

Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from is year ago level.
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
1.Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?
2.Many people work part-time because they （）.
3.Involuntary part-time employment in the US （）.
4.It can be learned that with Obamacare, （）.
5.The text mainly discusses（）.

问题1选项
A.The prospect of a thriving job market.
B.The increase of voluntary part-time market.
C.The possibility of full employment.
D.The acceleration of job creation.

问题2选项
A.prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.
B.feel that is enough to make ends meet.
C.cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.
D.haven't seen the weakness of the market.

问题3选项
A.is harder to acquire than one year ago.
B.shows a general tendency of decline.
C.satisfies the real need of the jobless.
D.is lower than before the recession.

问题4选项
A.it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
B.employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
C.it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
D.full-time employment is still essential for insurance

问题5选项
A.employment in the US
B.part-timer classification
C.insurance through Medicaid
D.Obamacare's trouble

参考答案：查看答案查看解析 APP刷题

第1题:

【选项释义】
Which part of the jobs picture are neglected? 工作中的哪一部分被忽略掉了？
A. The prospect of a thriving job market. A. 用工市场的繁荣前景。
B. The increase of voluntary part-time market. B. 自愿兼职工作数量的增加。
C. The possibility of full employment. C. 全民就业的可能性。
D. The acceleration of job creation. D. 加速提供工作岗位。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】定位文章第二段一、二句“然而，我们忽略（overlooked）了工作中的另一重要部分：报告表明，兼职就业（working part-time）的人数大幅度增加了”，由此可知，选项B正确。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项都不是被忽略的部分，与题干无关，属于曲解原文。

第2题:

【选项释义】
Many people work part-time because they _____. 许多人从事兼职工作是因为他们_____。
A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs A. 与全职工作相比，更喜欢兼职工作
B. feel that is enough to make ends meet B. 感觉这足以平衡他们的开支
C. cannot get their hands on full-time jobs C. 不能获取全职工作
D. haven’t seen the weakness of the market D. 未能发现市场的疲软
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】由题干定位到文章第三段第三句“They take part-time work because this is all they can get”，原因是“他们只能找到这样的工作”，也就是他们无法找到全职工作。对应C选项内容。
【干扰项排除】
A、B、D选项原文没有提及，属于无中生有。

第3题:

【选项释义】
Involuntary part-time employment in the US _____. 美国的非自愿兼职工作_____。
A. is harder to acquire than one year ago A. 与一年前相比，更难获得
B. shows a general tendency of decline B. 总体呈现下降的趋势
C. satisfies the real need of the jobless C. 满足了失业者真正的需求
D. is lower than before the recession D. 人数比经济衰退前更少
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】由题干定位到文章第四段第一句“6月，非自愿兼职（involuntary part-time）工作者的人数是增加了，但总体方向仍是下降的（general direction has been down）”，由此可知，选项B符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A、C、D选项原文没有提及，属于无中生有。

第4题:

【选项释义】
It can be learned that with Obamacare, _____. 可以得知Obamacare _____。
A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance A. 加大了兼职工作者获取保险的难度
B. employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance B. 就业与否不再是获取保险的前提条件
C. it is still challenging to get insurance for family members C. 使得家庭成员获取保险仍有难度
D. full-time employment is still essential for insurance D. 全职就业仍是获取保险的关键
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据题干定位最后一段最后一句“奥巴马医改Obamacare让就业和保险之间的关系不复存在了（no longer a link between employment and insurance）”，也就是选项B的内容。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“加大了兼职工作者获取保险的难度”，与原文最后一段“奥巴马医改正是为了使兼职员工也有可能获得保险”不符，属于曲解原文；
C选项原文没有提及，属于无中生有；
D选项“全职就业仍是获取保险的关键”，与原文“就业和保险之间的关系不复存在”不符，属于曲解原文。

第5题:

【选项释义】
The text mainly discusses _____. 这篇文章主要谈论了_____。
A. employment in the US A. 美国的就业情况
B. part-timer classification B. 兼职工作的分类
C. insurance through Medicaid C. 医疗救济保险
D. Obamacare’s trouble D. 奥巴马医改的困境
【考查点】主旨大意题。
【解题思路】文章第一、二段就以转折递进讲述了就业形势的一个重要方面被忽略，下文围绕这个方面展开，因此本文主要谈论的是美国就业方面的问题。
【干扰项排除】
B选项原文没有提及，属于无中生有；
C选项原文提到了一点，属于以偏概全；
D选项原文没有提及，属于无中生有。

【参考译文】
许多人认为，美国劳工部公布的6月份新增28.8万个就业岗位以及失业率降至6.1%是个好消息。他们是对的。目前看来，经济正在以不错的速度创造就业机会。要恢复充分就业，我们还有很长的路要走，但至少我们现在终于在以更快的速度向前迈进。
然而，就业形势的另一个重要部分在很大程度上被忽视了。自愿从事兼职工作的人数大幅增加。目前，这一数字比去年同期高出83万（4.4%）。
在解释与奥巴马医改的关系之前，值得做一个重要的区分。许多从事兼职工作的人实际上都希望获得全职工作。他们从事兼职工作是因为他们只能得到这份工作。非自愿兼职工作的增加证明劳动力市场疲软，这意味着许多人将很难维持生计。
6月份非自愿兼职人数有所增加，但总体趋势是下降的。非自愿兼职就业人数仍远远高于经济衰退前的水平，但比去年同期减少了64万人（7.9%）。
我们之所以知道自愿和非自愿兼职就业之间的区别，是因为人们告诉了我们。劳工部使用的调查询问人们，他们在参考周内的工作时间是否少于35小时。如果答案是“是”，他们就被归类为在该周工作少于35小时，因为他们想工作少于全职或因为他们别无选择。只有当他们告诉调查员他们选择每周工作少于35小时时，他们才会被归类为自愿兼职工作者。
自愿兼职的问题与奥巴马医改有关，因为奥巴马医改的主要目的之一是允许人们在工作之外获得保险。对于许多人来说，特别是那些有严重健康问题或家庭成员有严重健康问题的人，在奥巴马医改之前，获得保险的唯一途径是通过一份提供医疗保险的工作。
然而，奥巴马医改使1200多万人可以通过医疗补助计划或交易所获得保险。这些人以前可能觉得有必要找一份提供保险的全职工作，以便为自己和家人提供保障。有了奥巴马医改，就业和保险之间不再有联系。
【出处】《United Steelworks》2014.7.15

Customers historically tipped people they assumed were earning most of their income via tips, such as restaurant servers earning less than the minimum wage. In the early 2010s, a wide range of businesses started processing purchase with ipads and other digital payment systems. These systems often prompted customers to tip for services that were not previously tipped.Today’s tip request are not connected to the salary and service norms that used to determine when and how people tip. Customers in the past nearly always paid tips after receiving a service, such as at the conclusion of a restaurant meal, after getting a haircut once your pizza was delivered. That timing could reward high-quality service and give workers an incentive to provide it. It’s becoming more common for tips to be requested beforehand. And new tipping technology may even automatically add tips.The prevalence of digital payment device has made it easier to ask customers for a tip. That helps explain why tip request are creeping into new kinds of services. Customers now mountain see menus of suggested default options often well above 20% of what they owe. The amounts have risen from 10 or less in 1980 to is around the up or 2000 to 20 or higher today. This insurance is sometimes called application--the expection of ever-higher tip amounts.Tipping has always been a certain source of income for worker in history tipped services, like restaurants, where the tipped minimum wage can be as low as 2.03. Tip creep and tipflation are now further supplmenting the income of many low-wage services workers.Notably, tipping primarily benefits some of these workers, such as waiters, but not others, such as cooks and dishwashers. To ensure that all employees were paid fair wages, some restaurants banned tipping and increased prices, but this movement toward no-tipping services has largely fizzled out.So, to increase employee wages without raising prices, more employers are succumbing to the temptations of tip creep and tipflation. However, many customers are frustrated because they feel they are being asked for too high of a tip, too often. And, as our research emphasizes, tipping now seems to be more coercive, less generous and often completely dissociated from service quality.21.According to Paragraph 1, the practice of tipping _____.22.Compared with tips in the past, today’s tips _____.23.Tip request are creeping into new services as a result of _____.24.The movement toward no-tipping service intend to _____.25.It can be learned from the last paragraph that tipping _____.

Everyone wants to be that person--the one who looks at the same information as everyone else, but who sees a fresh, innovative solution. However, it takes more than simply having a good idea. How you share it is as important as the suggestion itself. Why? Because writing a new script--literally or figuratively-means that other team members will have to adapt to something new. So whether you're suggesting a (seemingly) benign change like streamlining outdated protocol, or a bigger change like adding anhour to each workday so people can leave early on Fridays, you're asking others to reimagine their workflow or schedule. Not to mention, if the process your scrapping is one someone else suggested, there's the possibility ofhurt feelings.To gain buy-in on an innovative, new idea, follow these five steps:41._______Great ideas don't stand alone. In other words, you can't mention your suggestion once andexpect it to be adopted. To see a change, you'll needto champion your plan and sell its merits. In addition, you need to be willing to stand up to scrutiny and criticism and be prepared to explain your innovation in different ways for various audiences.42.________Sometimes it makes sense to go to your boss first. But other times, it's useful to build a coalition among your co-workers or other stakeholders. When it works, it works greatbecause you're ready for your stubbom supervisor's pushback with answers like, “Actually, I cormected with a few people in our tech department to discuss how much time these kinds of website updates would take, andthey suggested they have the bandwidth."43._________One of the biggest baniers to gaining buy-in occurs when the owner of anidea is viewed asargumentative, defensive, or close-minded. Because, let's behonest: No one likes a know-it-all. So, if people disagree with you, don't be indignant. Instead, listen to their concems fully, try to understand their perspective, andinclude their concems (and possible remedies) in future discussions.So. instead of saving.“Martha. our current slogan is confusing and should be updated," you could try, “Martha raises a great point that our current slogan has a long history for our stakeholders, but I wonder if we might able to brainstomm a tagline that could build onthat-and be clearer for new customers."44._________New ideas are the grandchildren of old ones. In other words, don't throw old solutions under the bus to make your improvement stand out. Remember that in light of whatever the problem the old system solved--or, maybe, has failed to solve in recent memory--it was a great idea at the time. Appreciating the older contributions as you suggest future innovations helps bolster the credibility of your idea.45.__________When pitching a new idea, it 's important use the language of abundance instead ofthe language of deficit. Instead of saying what is wrong, broken, or suboptimal, talk about what is right, fixable, or ideal. For example, try, “I can see lots of applications for this new approach" rather than, “This innovation is the only way.” Be optimistic but realistic, andyou will stand out.

There are many understandable reasons why you might find it difficult to ask for help when you need it. Psychologists have been interested in this 1 for decades, not least because people's widespread 2 to ask for help has led to some high-profile failures.Asking for help takes 3 . It involves communicating a need on your part-there's something you can't do. 4 , you're broadcasting your own weaknesses which can be 5 . You might worry about coming across as incompetent. You might have 6 about losing control of whatever it is you're asking for help with. 7 someone starts to help, perhaps they'll take over, or get credit for your earlier efforts. Yet another 8 that might be worried about is being a nuisance or 9 the person you go to for help. If you struggle with low self-esteem, you might find it especiallydifficult to 10 for help because you have the added worry of the other person 11 your request. You might see such refusals as implying something 12 about the status of your relationship with them. To 13 these difficulties, try to remind yourself that everyone needs help sometimes. Nobody knows everything and can do everything all by themselves. And while you might 14 coming across as incompetent, there's actually research that shows that advice-seekers are 15 as more competent, not less. Perhaps most encouraging of all is a paper from 2022 by researchers at Stanford University that involved a mix of contrived help-seeking interactions and asking people to 16 times they'd sought help in the past. The findings showed that help-seeker generally underestimate how 17 other people will be to help and how good it'll make the help-giver feel (for most people, having the chance to help someone is highly 18 ). So, bear all this in mind the next time you need to ask for help 19 , take care over who you ask and when you ask them. And if someone can't help right now, avoid talking it personally. They might just be too 20 , or they might not feel confident about their ability to help.

Navigating beyond the organised pavements and parks of our urban spaces, desire paths are the unofficial footprints of a community, revealing the unspoken preferences, shared shortcuts and collective choices of humans. Often appearing as trodden dirt tracks through otherwise neat green spaces, these routes of collective disobedience cut corners, bisect lawns and traverse hills, representing the natural capability of people (and animals) to go from point A to point B most effectively.Urban planners interpret desire paths as more than just convenient shortcuts; they offer valuable insights into the dynamics between planning and behaviour. Ohio State University allowed its students to navigate the Oval, a lawn in the centre of campus, freely, then proceeded to pave the desire paths, creating a web of effective routes students had established.Yet, reluctance persists among other planners to integrate desire paths into formal plans, citing concerns about safety, environmental impact, or primarily, aesthetics. AReddit webpagedevoted to the phenomenon, boasting nearly 50,000 members, showcases images of local desire paths adorned with signs instructing pedestrians to adhere to designated walkways, underscoring the rebellious nature inherent in these human-made tracks. This clash highlights an ongoing struggle between the organic, user-driven evolution of public spaces and the desire for a visually curated and controlled urban environment.The Wickquasgeck Trail is an example of a historical desire path, created by Native Americans to traverse the forests of Manhattan and move between settlements quickly. This trail, when Dutch colonists arrived, was widened and made into one of the main trade roads across the island, known at the time as de Heere Straat, or Gentlemen’s Street. Following the British assumption of control in New York, the street was renamed Broadway. Notably, Broadway stands out as one of the few areas in NYC that defies the grid-based system applied to the rest of the city, cutting a diagonal across parts of the city.In online spaces, desire paths have sparked a fascination that can approach obsession, with the Reddit page serving as a hub. Contributors offer a wide array of stories, from little-known new shortcuts to long-established alternate routes.Animal desire paths, such as ducks forging trails through frozen ponds or dogs carving direct routes in gardens, highlight the adaptability of these trails in both human and animal experiences. As desire paths criss-cross through both physical and virtual landscapes, they stand as a testament to the collective insistence on forging unconventional routes and embracing the spirit of communal choice.36.According to Paragraph 1, desire paths are a result of___.37. It can be inferred that Ohio State University___.38.The images on the Reddit webpage reflect___.39.The example of the Wickquasgeck Trail illustrates____.40. It can be learned from the last paragraph that desire paths___.

大作文是一个柱状图，某社区老年人的日常生活活动，让描述图表，写自己的评价Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your essay, you should1) describle and interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.Write your answer in about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

小作文是要写一封邮件邀请朋友来参加活动。Suppose you are planning a short play based on a classic Chinese novel.Write your friend John an email to1) introduce the play and 2) invite him to take part in itYou should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming” instead.(10 points)

Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team—-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—in male—dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning-and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work-and how your work defines who you are.1.According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become （）.2.“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to （）. 3.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to （）. 4.It can be inferred that Lean In （）. 5.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.1.According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home（）.2.According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?3.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that （）. 4.The word "moola" (Paragraph 4) most probably means （）. 5.The home front differs from the workplace in that（）.