Peler Eigen, 65-year-希赛网

单选题

Peler Eigen, 65-year-old, chairman of Transparency International, the global anti-corruption watchdog, is proud of a large photograph on his office wall. It pictures him alongside Mwai Kibaki, the Kenyan president, and James Wolfensohn, president of the World Bank.
The picture, taken shortly after Mr. Kibaki’s inauguration in January, shows the three men in friendly discussion at a meeting in Nairobi, the Kenyan capital. “This photo is very special because it shows how far Transparency International has come since we set it up 10 years ago，” says Mr. Eigen with a smile.
Before leading a group of friends in 1993 to form TI in a one-room Berlin office, Mr. Eigen worked at the World Bank for 25 years. His final position was senior programme manager in east Africa, based in Nairobi.（1）“I was told that fighting corruption was not part of the bank’s mandate,” he says.
This led him to leave Kenya and the bank and start campaigning.
The picture shows how things have come full circle. （2）About 60 people work in the head-quarters in west Berlin. TI’s annual Corruption Perceptions Index, ranking national corruption levels, has become a benchmark for many governments. （3）“This would have been unthinkable” a few years ago, Mr. Eigen says.
A series of closed-door meetings in the mid-1990s in Berlin with chief executives from leading German multinationals laid the groundwork for international action. “ We moved the executives from being defensive to admitting that there was a big problem. （4）"
Ti’s solution was joint pressure from the companies on the government to sign the OECD convention against bribe-paying and, later, the signing of agreements between companies not to use bribery to win contracts.
（5）Mr. Eigen argues that TPs approach, based on “building coalitions, not on confrontation,” has brought results.

问题1选项
A.TI now has a global reach in its information campaigns and lobbying work, supporting national groups in more than 100 countries.
B.Then came the important question: how do we stop bribing without losing business to companies that still do it?
C.One example is the German chapter of TI, which has more than 30 member companies, including Siemens, Lufthans, BASF and Daimler Chrysler.
D.There, he observed not only corruption in his dealings with the government of Danjel Arap Moi, president at the time, but also the unwillingness of the bank to do anything about it.
E.TI has been instrumental in putting corruption on the world agenda, including in the United Nations.
F.TTs approach of working closely with companies to combat corruption contrasts with the tactics of many other pressure groups.

问题2选项
A.TI now has a global reach in its information campaigns and lobbying work, supporting national groups in more than 100 countries.
B.Then came the important question: how do we stop bribing without losing business to companies that still do it?
C.One example is the German chapter of TI, which has more than 30 member companies, including Siemens, Lufthans, BASF and Daimler Chrysler.
D.There, he observed not only corruption in his dealings with the government of Danjel Arap Moi, president at the time, but also the unwillingness of the bank to do anything about it.
E.TI has been instrumental in putting corruption on the world agenda, including in the United Nations.
F.TTs approach of working closely with companies to combat corruption contrasts with the tactics of many other pressure groups.

问题3选项
A.TI now has a global reach in its information campaigns and lobbying work, supporting national groups in more than 100 countries.
B.Then came the important question: how do we stop bribing without losing business to companies that still do it?
C.One example is the German chapter of TI, which has more than 30 member companies, including Siemens, Lufthans, BASF and Daimler Chrysler.
D.There, he observed not only corruption in his dealings with the government of Danjel Arap Moi, president at the time, but also the unwillingness of the bank to do anything about it.
E.TI has been instrumental in putting corruption on the world agenda, including in the United Nations.
F.TTs approach of working closely with companies to combat corruption contrasts with the tactics of many other pressure groups.

问题4选项
A.TI now has a global reach in its information campaigns and lobbying work, supporting national groups in more than 100 countries.
B.Then came the important question: how do we stop bribing without losing business to companies that still do it?
C.One example is the German chapter of TI, which has more than 30 member companies, including Siemens, Lufthans, BASF and Daimler Chrysler.
D.There, he observed not only corruption in his dealings with the government of Danjel Arap Moi, president at the time, but also the unwillingness of the bank to do anything about it.
E.TI has been instrumental in putting corruption on the world agenda, including in the United Nations.
F.TTs approach of working closely with companies to combat corruption contrasts with the tactics of many other pressure groups.

问题5选项
A.TI now has a global reach in its information campaigns and lobbying work, supporting national groups in more than 100 countries.
B.Then came the important question: how do we stop bribing without losing business to companies that still do it?
C.One example is the German chapter of TI, which has more than 30 member companies, including Siemens, Lufthans, BASF and Daimler Chrysler.
D.There, he observed not only corruption in his dealings with the government of Danjel Arap Moi, president at the time, but also the unwillingness of the bank to do anything about it.
E.TI has been instrumental in putting corruption on the world agenda, including in the United Nations.
F.TTs approach of working closely with companies to combat corruption contrasts with the tactics of many other pressure groups.

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第1题:

【选项释义】
A. TI now has a global reach in its information campaigns and lobbying work, supporting national groups in more than 100 countries. A. TI现在在全球范围内开展信息运动和游说工作，支持100多个国家的全国性组织。
B. Then came the important question: how do we stop bribing without losing business to companies that still do it? B. 接下来是一个重要的问题：我们如何停止行贿，而不让业务输给仍在行贿的公司?
C. One example is the German chapter of TI, which has more than 30 member companies, including Siemens, Lufthans, BASF and Daimler Chrysler. C. 其中一个例子是TI德国分会，该分会有30多家成员企业，包括西门子、汉莎航空公司、巴斯夫和戴姆勒克莱斯勒。
D. There, he observed not only corruption in his dealings with the government of Danjel Arap Moi, president at the time, but also the unwillingness of the bank to do anything about it. D. 在那里，他不仅发现自己与时任行长丹杰尔•阿拉普•莫伊的交易中存在腐败，还发现世行对此不愿采取任何行动。
E. TI has been instrumental in putting corruption on the world agenda, including in the United Nations. E. TI在将腐败问题提上世界议程，包括联合国议程方面发挥了重要作用。
F. TIs approach of working closely with companies to combat corruption contrasts with the tactics of many other pressure groups. F. TIs与企业密切合作打击腐败的做法与许多其他压力集团的策略形成了鲜明对比。
【考查点】联系上下文
【解题思路】空格句子的前句提及Peter Eigen曾经的职务，后句提及反腐并不是银行的工作。结合前后文可以判断，空格处句子应含有corruption和bank这样的单词。选项D“在那里，他不仅发现自己与时任行长丹杰尔•阿拉普•莫伊的交易中存在腐败，还发现世行对此不愿采取任何行动。”符合条件。

第2题:

【考查点】联系上下文
【解题思路】分析原文第五段的内容可知，本段内容主要是关于TI公司的发展现状。选项A与段落意思一致。

第3题:

【考查点】联系上下文
【解题思路】空格前一句讲到了公司提供的年度腐败指数成为很多政府的基准。后一句提到这在几年前还难以置信。前后两句都是谈论的公司影响力。由此可知，空格处句子也应该与公司影响有关。选项E中提及公司的反腐已经提上世界日程，包括联合国。符合语境。

第4题:

【考查点】联系上下文
【解题思路】空格前一句中提到a big problem，接下来的内容就与这一重要问题相关。选项B中的then came the important problem与前文遥相呼应。

第5题:

【考查点】联系上下文
【解题思路】空格后一句提及公司的策略(approach)是公司之间的合作(coalitions)，
而非对抗。空格所在句中应出现approach这一单词，选项F中的working close与coalition呼应。

请阅读以下文段，为提问选择最佳选项：My generation had it easy. We got to "find" a job. But, more than ever, our kids will have to "invent" a job. Sure, the lucky ones will find their first job, but, given the pace of change today, even they will have to reinvent, re-engineer and reimagine that job much often than their parents if they want to advance in it.What is implied in the fourth paragraph?

请阅读以下段落，为题目选择最佳答案We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a shorter day and a shorter week will be maintained. We have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began. They will be little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the taxpayer. It is surely too much to hope that these increases in the cost of public education can be borne by the local communities.【河北师范大学2016/首都经济贸易大学2016年/西南财经大学2011年】The public agencies for adult education will be little better off because ______.

Passage B研究表明，使用因特网可能会导致心理健康的下降。上网次数多的人与较少的人相比，这种可能性有明显差异。这不是说已经有不良感觉的人在网上花费了更多的时间，而是说使用因特网似乎确实诱发了人们的不良感觉。研究人员对这些结果感到困惑，因为这与他们的预料截然相反。他们预测，和看电视相比，从社交角度来说，上网可能更健康一些，因为网络允许使用者选择自己需要的信息并且和别人进行交流。

Passage B教育的主要目标之一就是给未来的公民准备好他们在成人社会占有一席之地所需要的一切。当今的成人社会由男人和女人组成，所以男女分开的学校怎么可能为他们的将来做好恰当的准备呢？男女同校的教育给孩子提供的完全是现实社会的真实缩影。男孩女孩都有机会互相了解，有机会学着从小在一起生活。在这里，他们可以在学习能力、体育运动成绩和许多课外活动方面进行相互比较，这些都是学校生活的一部分。

Power to grow depends upon need for others and plasticity. Both of these conditions are at their height in childhood and youth. Plasticity or the power to learn from experience means the formation of habits. Habits give control over the environment, power to utilize it for human purposes. Habits take the form both of habituation, or a general and persistent balance of organic activities with the surroundings, and of active capacities to readjust activity to meet new conditions. The former furnishes the background of growth; the latter constitute growing. Active habits involve thought, invention, and initiative in applying capacities to new aims. They are opposed to routine which marks an arrest of growth. Since growth is the characteristic of life, education is all one with growing; it has no end beyond itself. The criterion of the value of school education is the extent in which it creates a desire for continued growth and supplies means for making the desire effective in fact.

The concept of learning throughout life thus emerges as one of the keys to the twenty-first century. It goes beyond the traditional distinction between initial and continuing education. It meets the challenges posed by a rapidly changing world. This is not a new insight, since previous reports on education have emphasized the need for people to return to education in order to deal with new situations arising in their personal and working lives. That need is still felt and is even becoming stronger. The only way of satisfying it is for each individual to learn how to learn.But there is a further requirement: the far-reaching changes in the traditional patterns of life require of us a better understanding of other people and the world at large: they demand mutual understanding, peaceful interchange and, indeed, harmony—the very things that are most lacking in our world today.Having adopted this position, the Commission has put greater emphasis on one of the four pillars that it proposes and describes as the foundations of education: learning to live together, by developing an understanding of others and their history, traditions and spiritual values and, on this basis, creating a new spirit which guided by recognition of our growing interdependence and a common analysis of the risks and challenges of the future, would induce people to implement common projects or to manage the inevitable conflicts in an intelligent and peaceful way. Utopia, some might think, but it is a necessary Utopia, indeed a vital one if we are to escape from a dangerous cycle sustained by cynicism or by resignation.

The principle of the Education 2030 Framework for Action by UNESCO include: Education is a fundamental human right and an enabling right. To fulfil this right, countries must ensure universal equal access to inclusive and equitable quality education and learning, which should be free and compulsory, leaving no one behind. Education shall aim at the full development of the human personality and promote mutual understanding, tolerance, friendship and peace. Education is a public good, of which the state is the duty bearer. Education is a shared societal endeavor, which implies an inclusive process of public policy formulation and implementation. Civil society, teachers and educators, the private sector, communities, families, youth and children all have important roles in realizing the right to quality education. The role of the state is essential in setting and regulating standards and norms. Gender equality is inextricably linked to the right to education for all. Achieving gender equality requires a rights-based approach that ensures that girls and boys, women and men not only gain access to and complete education cycles, but are empowered equally in and through education.

Passage 3How is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has occurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create conditions in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribution, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course things are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and these individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to make his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language itself, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institutions through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his actual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication system outside him: it is also, however original he may be, a communication system which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this kind of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they first show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society and the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.61.Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by ________.62.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.63.A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creative work is that ________.64.According to the text, which of the following statements is NOT true?65.It is implied at the end of the text that highly original individuals feel isolated because they ________.

Work is a very important part of life in the United States. When the early Protestant immigrants came to this country, they brought the idea that work was the way to God and heaven. This attitude, the Protestant work ethic, still influences America today. Work is not only important for economic benefits, the salary, but also for social and psychological needs, the feeling of doing something for the good of the society. Americans spend most of their lives working, being productive. For most Americans, their work defines them; they are what they do. What happens, then when a person can no longer work?Most Americans stop working at age sixty-five or seventy and retire. Because work is such an important part of life in this culture, retirement can be very difficult. Retirees often feel that they are useless and unproductive. Of course, some people are happy to retire; but leaving one’s job, whatever it is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. Many retirees do not know how to use their time or they feel lost without jobs.Retirement can also bring financial problems. Many people rely on Social Security checks every month. During their working years, employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government. When people retire, they receive this money as income. These checks do not provide enough money to live on, however, because prices are increasing very rapidly. Senior citizens, those over sixty-five, have to have savings in the bank or other retirement plans to make ends meet. The rate of inflation is forcing prices higher each year; Social Security checks alone cannot cover Medicare (health care) and welfare (general assistance) but many senior citizens have to change their lifestyles after retirement. They have to spend carefully to be sure that they can afford to buy food, fuel, and other necessities.Of course, many senior citizens are happy with retirement. They have time to spend with their families or to enjoy their hobbies. Some continue to work part time; others do volunteer work. Some, like those in the Retired Business Executives Association, even help young people to get started in new business. Many retired citizens also belong to “Golden Age” groups. These organizations plan trips and social events. There are many opportunities for retirees.American society is only beginning to be concerned about the special physical and emotional needs of its senior citizens. The government is taking steps to ease the problem of limited income. They are building new housing, offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses, and providing other services, such as free courses, food service, and help with housework.Retired citizens are a rapidly growing percentage of the population. This part of the population is very important and we must respond to their needs. After all, every citizen will be a senior citizen some day.1.The early immigrants considered work ________.2.Why do Americans like working? Because working ________.3.We can safely put forward that retirees who ________.4.According to the passage the government ________.5.Which of the following is not steps taken for the benefit of senior citizens by the government?